Assessment of the immunopathological response in bovine mastitis
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Date
1996
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Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy
Abstract
The immunopathological response of cows suffering from clinical and sub – clinical mastitis was evaluated and compared with healthy non – mastitic cows using various immunological markers.
Significant enhancement of the humoral immune response was noticed in sub – clinical cases of mastitis, whereas those suffering from clinical mastitis had only a slight difference as compared to the healthy cows.
Elevated T lymphocyte count was noticed in acute (38.33 + 0.8%) and chronic (35 + 0.93%) stages of mastitis. Those suffering from sub – clinical cases had a slight reduction in the mean T cell count, (29.83%) as compared to that of the healthy non – mastitic cows (31.3 + 1.42%).
Three hundred and thirty one samples (22.23%) were sub – clinically positive out of the 1489 samples examined by California Mastitis Test. Out of the 520 samples subjected for cultural examination 186 were culturally positive. Fifty per cent of the culturally positive samples contained Staphylococci, which included both coagulase positive and coagulase negative group. Other pathogenic organisms isolated included Streptococci, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and gram positive bacilli. Direct correlation between the somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test score was noticed. Neutrophils were the predominant cells in the milk samples.
The major pathogens were more sensitive to Gentamicin (98.21%) followed by Pefloxacine (96.42%), Chloramphenecol (91.07%), Streptomycin (82.14%), Cotrimoxazole (80.35%), Ampicillin (73.21%), Oxytetracycline (71.43%) and Penicillin (60.71%).
Haematological examination of sub – clinical cases revealed leukopaenia. Slight increase in the serum total protein was noticed in sub – clinical cases.
Gross changes of mastitis was noticed in 18 mammary glands tissues examined. Histologically out of the 336 glands examined, 271 were having inflammatory changes of varying degrees. Acini as well as interstitium contained inflammatory cells in 37. 68 per cent of cases. The entire parenchyma was affected in 14.49 per cent a cases.
Oedematous appearance of the supramammary lymphnodes was noticed. Microscopically marked expansion of the cortex by numerous lymphoid follicles in various stages of activity was noticed.
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