Characterization and identification of wild edible fungi from shivalik foot-hills region of Punjab
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Date
2023
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
A survey was conducted in the Shivalik foothills region of Punjab to investigate its macrofungal diversity in the years 2021-2022. Sixteen samples of macrofungi were collected from the districts Pathankot, Rupnagar and Hoshiarpur. On the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, fifteen samples have been identified as Clitocybe robusta (HM 1), Trametes gibbosa (HM 2), Gymnopilus ventricosus (HM 3), Macrocybe titans (HM 5), Phellinus linteus (HM 6), Infundibulicybe gibba (HM 7), Polyporus tuberaster (HM 8), Podoscypha petalodes (HM 9), Chlorophyllum molybdites (HM 10), Macrocybe crassa (HM 11), Mycena renati (HM 12), Amanita revenelii (HM 13), Leucocoprinus cepaestipes (HM 14), Haploporus spp. (HM 15) and Lentinus concavus (HM 16). Out of these 15 samples, five samples were selected for further analysis on the basis of their similarities with edible taxa. The radial growth rate of sample HM16 (Lentinus concavus) was found to be the maximum among five samples when grown on PDA (12.53 mm/day) and CYM (15.50 mm/day), while the sample HM11 (Macrocybe crassa) showed the maximum radial growth rate (13 mm/day) on CAM. In biomass study, the highest wet biomass was obtained from the cultures HM16, HM 11, and HM 5 in all three-tested media. The sample HM 16 showed the maximum specific enzyme activity in endoglucanase (2.268 U/mg protein), exoglucanase (2.065 U/mg protein), xylanase (1.282 U/mg protein) and laccase (0.622 U/mg protein) followed by the sample HM 11. In-vitro conditions, the growth rate of HM16 was found to be the maximum on wheat straw (9.97 mm/day), paddy straw (11.91 mm/day) and saw dust (12.20 mm/day) and followed by HM 11 on wheat straw (10.30 mm/day). Cultures HM 11 and HM 16 were selected for the cultivation trial. For spawn production, mycelial growth on the 20th day was observed to be the maximum for the culture HM11. The sample HM 11 was observed to have high fruiting efficiency on wheat straw and saw dust. Cultivated fruiting bodies of sample HM 11 were subjected to DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA gene for molecular identification of the species. The species was confirmed to be Macrocybe crassa as hypothesized after physical identification. Macrocybe crassa has been identified as the first indigenous species of cultivation potential. Upon further standardization of cultivation protocol, the mushroom may be released as commercially cultivable variety for the farmers of Punjab and adjoining states.
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Gurpreet (2023). Characterization and identification of wild edible fungi from shivalik foot-hills region of Punjab (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.