Study on genotoxicity induced by lindane and deltamethrin in mice model and its public health significance
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Date
2016
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Present study was conducted to determine the genotoxic effect of lindane and deltamethrin and associated histopathological alterations and accumulation of pesticide residues in vital organs using mice as a model for human toxicological studies. A total of 192 Swiss Albino male mice were exposed orally to deltamethrin and lindane for 15, 30 and 60 days to see the subacute and subchronic effects. The three doses of deltamethrin were 1.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight and for lindane the three doses were 0.75, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Lindane and deltamethrin both resulted in a significant genotoxicity in a dose and time dependent manner as revealed by increased mean tail DNA%, mean tail length and mean olive moment in treatment group as compared to control through comet assay. Both of the pesticides induced significantly higher number of micronuclei in normochromatic and polychromatic erythrocytes in treatment group than the negative control which is another test conducted to measure genotoxicity. The lowest dose of both of the pesticides produced significant genotoxicity even at 15 days of exposure. Exposure to combination of pesticide showed synergism in terms of genotoxicity as compared to the exposure to single pesticide. Histopathological examination of liver, kidneys and testes indicated mild to severe damage to these organs in a time and dose dependent manner. Gas chromatography analysis of pesticide residues revealed that mean residue levels of deltamethrin in liver, kidney and testes were in the range of 0.11-0.15, 0.08-0.12 and 0.19-0.28 ppm, respectively. Similarly, mean residue levels of lindane in liver, kidney and testes were in the range of 0.04-0.06, 0.06-0.08 and 0.08-0.12 ppm, respectively. The mean residues levels of lindane, deltamethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin detected in the human blood were 0.336, 0.039, 0.369, 0.027 and 0.192 ppm, respectively. Significant genotoxic association with pesticides residues was observed in human population. In conclusion, it is indicated that pesticides are slow poison and even a low dose of pesticide can cause genotoxicity and other biological effects if exposed to pesticide for longer duration.