Effect of irrigation scheduling on yield, quality and water productivity of direct seeded and transplanted canola quality oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
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Date
2023
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022-23 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to study the effect of sowing and transplanting dates, and irrigation scheduling on growth, yield, quality of oil and seed meal and water productivity of canola oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design in three replications with six combinations of three dates (10 October, 30 October and 20 November) and two methods of crop establishment (direct sowing and transplanting) in main plots and four irrigation schedules (IW:CPE 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and irrigation based on crop growth stages) in sub plots. Soil of the experimental field was sandy loam. Canola oilseed rape variety GSC 7 was sown/transplanted at 45 cm × 10-12 cm spacing. Thirty days old seedlings were used for transplanting. Results revealed that with delay in sowing/transplanting from 10 October to 30 October to 20 November, number of days required for emergence and initiation of flowering significantly increased and for physiological maturity decreased. Delay in sowing/transplanting caused significant reduction in plant height, dry matter accumulation (DMA) and PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) interception at different growth stages, main shoot length, primary branches and siliquae plant-1, seeds siliqua-1 and 1000 seed weight. Crop sown/transplanted on 10 October produced 16.8%, 18.4%, 15.0% and 18.5% higher seed, stover, oil and protein yield than 30 October sown/transplanted crop which in turn significantly out yielded 20 November sown/transplanted crop by 60.0%, 30.2%, 62.9%, 66.1% for seed, stover, oil and protein yields, respectively. Crop sown/transplanted on 20 November contained significantly lower oleic and linolenic acid in oil and significantly higher glucosinolates in defatted seed meal as compared to 10 and 30 October sowing/transplanting dates. Real-, apparent- and total- water productivity decreased with delay in sowing/transplanting. Transplanted crop took significantly less number of days for initiation of flowering and physiological maturity, attained significantly more plant height, DMA and PAR interception at different growth stages and SPAD values up to 80 DAS/DAT, number of siliquae plant-1 and seeds siliqua-1 and seed oil content than direct sown crop. Transplanted crop produced 12.2%, 13.3%, 11.9% and 17.4% higher seed, stover, oil and protein yields than direct sown crop. Apparent- and total- water productivity of direct sown crop was significantly higher than transplanted crop. Application of irrigations at IW:CPE 1.2 resulted in significantly higher plant height, DMA and PAR interception, SPAD values at different growth stages, siliquae plant-1 and seeds siliqua-1 than other irrigation treatments. Irrigations at IW:CPE 1.2 resulted in significantly higher seed protein but lower proline content and total sugars than other irrigation treatments. Irrigations at IW:CPE 1.2 resulted in significantly higher seed yield as compared to the IW:CPE 0.8. Application of irrigations at IW:CPE 1.2 resulted in significantly higher oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid in oil and significantly lower glucosinolates in defatted meal as compared to other irrigation treatments. Irrigations at IW:CPE 0.8 resulted in significantly higher apparent- and total- water productivity. Seed and oil yield of crop transplanted on 30 October was at par with direct sown crop on 10 October. Crop transplanted on 30 October and 20 November produced significantly higher seed yield and oil yield than its direct sowing.
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Jashanpreet Kaur (2023). Effect of irrigation scheduling on yield, quality and water productivity of direct seeded and transplanted canola quality oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.