EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) GENOTYPES
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Date
2013
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Abstract
The field experiment entitled “Effect of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes” was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana (30o 56/ N latitude and 75o 48/ E longitude and at an altitude of 247 metres above mean sea level), during rabi 2011-12 on loamy sand, neutral in reaction, low in available N, rich in available P and K soil. The study was conducted in split plot design in three replications with four doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the main plots and five genotypes (RLC 1, RLC 11, RLC 12, PBR 210 and PBR 91) in the sub plots. Application of N significantly increased plant height, dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception and chlorophyll content up to 100 kg/ha though such an increase, except plant height continued upto 150 kg/ha of N. Nitrogen application delayed initiation of flowering and significantly increased number of the secondary branches and siliquae per plant and, seeds per siliqua over control. Seed yield increased by 65.7 and 12.0 per cent with 100 kg/ha of N over control and 50 kg/ha of N, respectively. There was consistent reduction in seed oil content and significant increase in oil yield with N application of 50 kg/ha over control. Nitrogen, protein and linoleic acid content increased with increase in N levels. Among genotypes, PBR 91 and PBR 210 exhibited significantly better growth in terms of plant height, DMA and LAI with higher PAR as compared to RLC 11 and RLC 12. Genotypes, PBR 91, PBR 210 and RLC 1 took significantly more number of days for completion of flowering than other genotypes. RLC 12 produced significant higher number of primary and secondary branches per plant, RLC 11 produced higher number of seeds per siliqua. Genotypes PBR 91, RLC 1 and PBR 210 registered significantly higher 1000-seed weight than RLC 11 and RLC 12. Differences in seed yield among genotypes were non-significant. Genotype RLC 11 registered significantly higher oil content but lowest seed protein content. Genotype RLC 12 contained significantly higher seed protein content than rest of the genotypes. Genotypes PBR 91, RLC 11 and PBR 210 produced similar but significantly higher oil yields than RLC 1. Erucic acid content was significantly lower in RLC 1 and RLC 12 while glucosinolate content was lowest in RLC 11 followed by RLC 12. Nitrogen application increased the seed yield up to 100 kg/ha in RLC 1 and RLC 12 and up to 150 kg/ha in RLC 11, PBR 210 and PBR 91. Increase in seed yield with 50 kg/ha of applied N over control was significant in all genotypes whereas further increase in N to 100 kg/ha increased the seed yield significantly in case of RLC 11, RLC 12 and PBR 210.
Keywords: Indian mustard, nitrogen, genotypes, dose, growth, yield, quality, N uptake
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