Modification of rice flour through extrusion for its application in beverage processing
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
In the present research, broken rice of PR121 variety were procured from local rice mill. The grinding of broken rice was done in the milling lab. The experiments of extrusion were planned according to central composite rotatable design (CCRD) using Design Expert software version 13.0.5. The independent variables i.e., feed moisture (14-18 per cent), extrusion temperature (120-160⁰C), and screw speed (300-450 rpm) were selected for extrusion cooking. Optimization was done by using Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) model. After optimization, determination of color was done by using colorimeter. Pasting properties were evaluated by using viscometer. Viscosity of modified rice flour examined by using different models. Extrusion processing induced significant changes in functional and rehydration properties of rice flour. Extrusion processing parameters had significant effect on bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, dispersibility, wettability, oil absorption index, Hausner ratio and Carr index of rice flour after extrusion was observed. The optimized processing conditions used by ANN-GA model i.e., 156.40⁰C extrusion temperature, 14.47 per cent feed moisture and 423 rpm screw speed. There was significant reduction in color values (L*, a* and b*). The color of flour changes to darker color due to extrusion cooking. Pasting properties of modified rice flour was declined as compare to raw rice flour. Herschel-bulkley model was best fit to measure the viscosity among all the tested models. All the samples in Herschel-bulkley model exhibited shear thining flow behavior and its flow behavior index was less than 1. The modified rice flour is suitably for use in production of rice beverages.
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Prabhjeet Kaur (2021) Modification of rice flour through extrusion for its application in beverage processing (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.