COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE SKIN AND FEATHERS OF BROILER AND LAYER DUCKS

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dc.contributor.advisorK.M. Lucy
dc.contributor.authorALPHINE JOSEPH
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-24T10:05:16Z
dc.date.available2020-07-24T10:05:16Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractComparative studies on the skin and feathers of broiler Vigova Super-M ducks of six to eight weeks of age and spent Kuttanad ducks above 40 weeks of age were conducted using 24 birds comprising of six males and females in each group. Histomorphology of skin and morphological, physical, chemical, spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopic peculiarities and radiolucency of feathers were compared. Skin samples of all the four groups of birds were collected from eight representative areas of the body viz., dorsal neck, alar, dorsal abdomen, ventral abdomen, pelvic, dorsal wing, ventral wing and lateral thigh regions. Standard procedures were adopted for histoarchitectural and histochemical studies. Total skin thickness was more in Kuttanad ducks than broiler ducks. Skin was thicker on the ventral surface of the body and was slightly thicker in male birds. Maximum thickness was recorded in ventral abdominal region. Epidermis was very thin and formed of two layers, stratum germinativum and stratum corneum. Dermis comprised three layers viz., stratum superficiale, stratum profundum (containing stratum compactum and stratum laxum) and lamina elastica. Stratum laxum was the thickest layer of skin in all groups and all regions under study. Feathers were implanted in the skin in feather follicles and always lay in the epidermis and dermis. Feather had an outer epidermis and inner dermis. The epidermis of the feather was found adjacent to the epidermis of the follicle with an outer layer of sheath cells called feather sheath. Several layers of intermediate cells and inner cylindrical cell layer surrounded the dermal pulp. Attached to the feather follicle were the smooth muscles known as arrectores plumorum muscles which ran in different directions. Herbst corpuscles were exclusivelyfound adjacent to the feather follicles in close association with these muscles. The subcutis was characterized by numerous blood vessels andadipose tissue. The moisture content was found to be more in the skin of broilers than layer group and fat percentage was more in layer skin than broiler skin. Hydroxyproline and collagen contents were more in the skin of layer ducks than in broiler ducks. Wing feathers showed a shaft, which was divided into upper rachis and lower calamus. To the rachis was attached the barbs, and the barbules were in turn attached to the barbs. Average length of barbs in broiler and Kuttanad ducks in the right side of right wing feather was 2.32±0.10 cm and 1.83±0.07 cm, respectively and duck feather rachis and barbs are found to be suitable for spinning into thread, can be used for weaving clothing, preparing slab or mat after mixing with other synthetic materials.The average diameter of barbs was 0.06±0.004 mm which falls under spinnable diameter range which is suitable for textile application. The diameter and spacing of barbs played major role in the water repellence property of feathers. Aspect ratio of barbs of duck feathers was in the desired range to be used in textile manufacturing. The percentage contribution of total feathers to the body weight was maximum in female broiler duck (5.47±0.26%). Rachis and barb fractions contributed equally to the weight of a single feather. The fineness of barbs showed almost similar valuesamong the groups.The relative density of whole feather fractions in ducks was 0.65±0.01g/cm3 . The moisture regaining capacity of barb fraction of broiler and Kuttanad ducks was the highest followed by whole feather fraction and was minimum for the rachis. SEM studies showed hollow cells on cross section of barbs measuring maximum diameter of 13.11µm in broiler ducks and 19.23µm in Kuttanad ducks and spacing between two adjacent barbules was maximum in Kuttanad ducks. Proximate analysis of feather of both groups showed similar composition. Elemental analysis showed equal amount of sulphur in broiler and Kuttanad duck feather barbs. Amino acid analysis revealed higher percentage of hydrophobic amino acids when compared to hydrophilic amino acids and a high content of serine in both the groups. FTIR-ATR studies indicated the presence of amide and carboxylic groups confirming the proteinaceous nature of material. X-ray diffractogram showed semicrystalline nature of the feather. Wing feathers of female birds showed more radio-opacity than males. Mechanical and thermal tests revealed high tensile strength and high heat stability for duck barbs. All these results implied the possibility of duck feather as a valuable raw material in the textile, nonwoven and composite manufacture.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810149812
dc.keywordsCOMPARATIVE STUDIES SKIN FEATHERS OF BROILER LAYER DUCKSen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages99en_US
dc.publisherCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSURen_US
dc.research.problemCOMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE SKIN AND FEATHERS OF BROILER AND LAYER DUCKSen_US
dc.subVeterinary Anatomy and Histologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeCOMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE SKIN AND FEATHERS OF BROILER AND LAYER DUCKSen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titleCOMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE SKIN AND FEATHERS OF BROILER AND LAYER DUCKSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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