Impact of National Rural Livelihood Mission on Women Empowerment: A Comparative study of Bihar and Tripura
| dc.contributor.advisor | SINGH, K.M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Roy, Mandira | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-02-14T06:09:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-02-14T06:09:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The objective of the current study was to provide a detailed understanding of the socio-economic characteristics of the SHG beneficiaries constituted under the National Rural Livelihood Mission in the states of Bihar and Tripura. The study also compared the levels of empowerment attained by women in the states under investigation. It also tried to study the impacts of NRLM on poverty alleviation in both states and the challenges women face and explored solutions to those problems. The primary data was collected from 80 respondents from each state, constituting 160 respondents. The respondents were randomly selected from the one randomly selected village in each block which was also randomly selected. The district and the states were selected purposively. Socio economic indicators like age, marital status, caste, education, family type, family size, housing type and occupation before joining SHGs were investigated. The study's findings revealed that in Bihar, most respondents were from the young age group (20 30), whereas in Tripura, most were from the middle age (31 40) group. Many respondents were of the other backward caste group (76.25%) from Bihar, whereas, in Tripura, most of the NRLM beneficiaries were from the Scheduled caste (68.75%). In both the states majority of respondents were married (Bihar, 98.75 % and Tripura,96.25% respectively). A significant proportion of the respondents had nuclear families in the states under investigation. In Bihar, 33.75% of respondents had 5--6 family members, whereas, in Tripura, 71.25% of respondents had 3--4 numbers of family members. The educational level of respondents of Bihar (52.50%) was less than that of Tripura (67.50%), who had schooling up to secondary level. In both states, most of the respondents dwelled in kaccha houses. Before joining SHGs, most respondents in both states were housewives (Bihar, 57.50% and Tripura, 66.25%). The women of Bihar were less empowered than that of Tripura according to the Headcount ratio (Hp) for disempowered women (Bihar (0.737) and Tripura (0.675), respectively). The intensity of Disempowerment (Ap) for Women was 69.18 % in Bihar and in Tripura Intensity of Disempowerment (Ap) was 45.17%. According to the disempowerment index (Mo) for women in Bihar, the score was 0.510 i.e., 51.00 % of women in the state were found to be underpowered throughout the five domains of the empowerment index. In Tripura disempowerment index (Mo) for women was found to be 0.305, indicating that 30.50 % of women in Tripura lacked in the five domains of the empowerments index. In Bihar, the Five Domain of Empowerment Index (or 5DE) for women had a value of 0.490, indicating that 49.00% of women were considered empowered, and the 5DE index score for women in Tripura was found to be 0.695, which indicated that 69.50 % of women were empowered across the five domains. The percentage of households with no Gender Parity (HGPI) was computed as 51.25% for Bihar and 46.25% for Tripura, respectively, showing more gender disparity prevalence in Bihar. The average empowerment gap (IGPI) in Bihar was found to be 0.07 %, and in Tripura, 0.03% indicated the prevalence of a comparatively high empowerment gap in the society in Bihar. The Women Empowerment Index (WEI) of Bihar (0.540) was less than that of Tripura (0.725), respectively. In both states, the paired t-test result comparing respondents' incomes before and after joining SHGs was significant, indicating a beneficial influence on the income of SHG members working under NRLM. After joining SHGs in each state under consideration, the respondents' consumption and expenditure significantly increased as the t-test values for both the states were found to be significant at a 5% probability level for consumption and expenditure. The constraints faced by the SHGs members were also studied in different aspects. The results indicated that in the category of family and personal constraints, the women respondents from SHGs of both the states Bihar and Tripura faced an "Absence of support and cooperation from family members‖ as a major constraint. From the Financial constraints group, the respondents from Bihar faced ―Insufficient resources to launch a new business in the area" as a chief constraint, and in Tripura " The funds supplied to operate the business are very meagre‖ as a main constraint. In Bihar and Tripura, the major constraint faced by the women respondents from the Infrastructural constraint part was the "Absence of facility for marketing‖. In both states, the major constraint faced by respondents was ―Poor budgetary provisions" from the Administrative Constraints point of view. The major constraint from a technical part faced by the respondents of women in Bihar was ―Illiteracy among the respondents", and in Tripura, respondents faced ―There is an absence of technical assistance provided for starting new businesses‖ as a major constraint. In the operational constraint part, the respondents from Bihar faced ―There is a significant suspension in the flow of funds to the group members‖ and ―The amount of work produce is insufficient and inconsistent‖ both as key constraints and the respondents from Tripura suffered " There is a significant suspension in the flow of funds to the group members‖ as a key problem. In both the states of Bihar and Tripura, the respondents faced the same problem as a key constraint from the Social Constraint part, which was ―Social relationships cannot be sustained due to involvement in work of SHGs‖, given a significant rank. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.other | M/AE/026/2020-21 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810193780 | |
| dc.keywords | National Rural Livelihood Mission, Women Empowerment, Bihar, Tripura. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 92 + i-vii (Bibliography) + I-XI (Appendices) | en_US |
| dc.publisher | DRPCAU, PUSA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agricultural Economics | en_US |
| dc.theme | Impact of National Rural Livelihood Mission on Women Empowerment: A Comparative study of Bihar and Tripura | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Sc | en_US |
| dc.title | Impact of National Rural Livelihood Mission on Women Empowerment: A Comparative study of Bihar and Tripura | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |