Divergence and association studies in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2017
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
In the present investigation thirty two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes including two checks were evaluated to study genetic variability, genetic divergence, character association and path coefficient analysis. The experiment was laid out at Research Farm, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi during spring 2015-16. Data were recorded on eleven quantitative characters.
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. On the basis of mean performance, the best performing genotypes were DRSF-113-2 for seed yield, oil yield, 100 seed weight, harvest index, head diameter and biological yield, the genotype GMU-456 for seed yield, oil yield and biological yield and the genotype IB-103 for seed yield, oil yield, 100 seed weight, harvest index, head diameter, biological yield, days to maturity, plant height and days to fifty per cent flowering over superior check.
The traits like plant height, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, 100 seed weight, oil yield and seed yield had showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Hence, direct selection can be done through these characters for future improvement of genotypes for higher yield.
Correlation studies indicated that oil yield, oil content, 100 seed weight, harvest index, head diameter, biological yield, days to maturity plant height, days to fifty per cent flowering showed significant positive association with seed yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level. Hence, selection of these characters would bring in simultaneous improvement of other characters and also finally improvement in seed yield.
Path coefficient analysis revealed that oil yield, volume weight, 100 seed weight, head diameter, biological yield had positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Hence, selection based on these characters would be more effective for yield improvement.
The thirty two genotypes of sunflower were grouped into six cluster using Tocher method. The genotypes in cluster III and cluster IV, due to maximum inter cluster distance between them, exhibited high degree of genetic diversity and thus may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants. Similar inter varietal crosses may be attempted in cluster V and cluster VI and cluster III and cluster V. On the basis of cluster mean values, the genotypes present in cluster VI was found early in terms of days to fifty per cent flowering and having highest volume weight and oil content. Genotypes present in cluster V have maximum harvest index and 100 seed weight. Genotypes which are present in cluster III may be selected for minimum plant height and maximum biological yield while the genotypes present in cluster II was suitable for early in days to maturity. Based on cluster mean values for a given characters we can select highly divergent genotypes from the respective clusters and can be used in hybridization work.
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