A clinical study on the management of developmental orthopedic diseases in dogs
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Date
2016
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
This clinical study was conducted to determine the incidence of developmental orthopaedic diseases (DODs) in dogs and to study the management of such diseases in dogs under the age of two years. The twelve month incidence study revealed developmental orthopaedic diseases as the definitive diagnosis in 10.78% of the dogs presented with lameness, gait or postural abnormalities; canine hip dysplasia (CHD) (68.75%) was the most common DOD diagnosed, followed by patellar luxation (PL) (11.25%). Others diagnosed during this period included rickets, elbow dysplasia (ED), panosteitis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) and developmental angular limb deformities (ALD). Male dogs (78.75%) were found to be more commonly affected with DODs compared to females (21.25%). The breed distribution ranged from one breed (hypertrophic osteodystrophy) to 14 breeds (canine hip dysplasia). Dogs under two years of age and diagnosed with DOD were grouped into three for the management part of the study; Group 1: patellar luxations (n=17), Group 2: CHD (n=8) and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease(n=6), and Group 3: miscellaneous group comprising group 3A: ED (n=4), 3B: panoteitis (n=2), 3C: HOD (n=1) and 3D: ALD (n=1). In Group 1, abrasion trochleoplasty (n=5) yielded an excellent outcome in 60% dogs and good outcome in 40% dogs while trochlear wedge recession (n=10) had excellent outcome in 20% dogs, good to fair outcome in 70% dogs and poor outcome in 10%. The dog which underwent tibial tuberosity transposition (n=1) had an excellent outcome while in lateral imbrication (n=1), outcome was poor. In Group 2, the majority of the dogs affected with either hip dysplasia (75%) or Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (66.67%) had an excellent to good outcome after femoral head and neck ostectomy. For those dogs in Group 3A, removal of an ununited anconeal process was unsuccessful, whereas conservative management of elbow dysplasia produced satisfactory results, with a good to fair outcome in all dogs. Group 3B dogs affected with panostetitis had an excellent outcome with conservative treatment, while those in Group 3C dog affected with hypertrophic osteodystrophy had a fair outcome with conservative treatment. In Group 3D, the dog operated for angular limb deformity by a closing wedge transverse osteotomy and plating had a fair outcome.
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