OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED ENTERIC BACTERIAL PATHOGENS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE FROM COMPANION ANIMALS AND URBAN DWELLING BONNET MACAQUES
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Date
2019-09-27
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are a major public health threat that can spillover to human
from non-human primates and companion animals due to their close association. The
spillover of bacterial enteropathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.
and Y. enterocolitica can cause severe and chronic gastrointestinal illness. Hence, the
present study is envisaged to evaluate the occurrence and characterization of above
pathogens from dogs, cats and bonnet macaques of Wayanad district and to
characterize its virulence potential and ESBL resistance. A total of 150 faecal
samples/ faecal swabs from dogs (50), cats (50) and bonnet macaques (50) were
analyzed for enteric bacterial pathogens through conventional culture and molecular
method using 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP. The occurrence of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella
spp. and Y. enterocolitica was recorded in 107, 31, 6 and 21 samples, respectively and
macaques were identified as a major source. PCR-based virulent gene
characterization revealed that 20 per cent of isolates were positive for EHEC (eaeA,
stx1), 36 per cent of isolates were EAEC (aggR, fimA), 7 per cent were Salmonella
(invA, stm), 4 per cent were Shigella (ipaH) and 14 per cent of samples were Y.
enterocolitica (ystA). Further, characterization of isolates for ESBL production
through phenotypic disc diffusion method and genotypic PCR assays revealed that
77.77 per cent of E. coli isolates were ESBL producers and ESBL gene that could be
identified in majority of isolates was blaCTX-M. With regard to the ESBL
characterization of other isolates, 22.58 per cent samples were identified as ESBL
producers in case of Salmonella spp. and the most common ESBL genes identified
were blaSHV and blaTEM. Only few isolates of Shigella spp. and Y. enterocolitica
were recovered from dogs and macaques samples, some of which were ESBL
producers. Thus, a diverse genotypic pattern of ESBL resistance was observed among
isolates. The present study signifies the occurrence of enteric bacterial pathogens
among pet and wild animals, its virulence nature and the ability to harboring ESBL
resistance genes and its dissemination.