EFFECTS OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON FREE RADICAL PROCESSING ENZYMES AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2021
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DRPCAU, PUSA
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop of India and world as a whole. Sunflower seed oil contains 90% unsaturated fatty acids and 10% saturated fatty acids.India produces 1.1 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil and imports 15.45 lakh tonnes. Total consumption of sunflower oil among all oil in India is 6.89%. However, many biotic and abiotic factors severely affects the production and productivity of sunflower along with some other constraints like overlapping of sowing time with other crop cultivation such as wheat, maize and minimum bee activity in growing areas in India. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to investigate the performance of mutant lines (M3 generation) of sunflower obtained by treating the base sunflower (TNAUSUF 7) seeds with different doses of gamma radiations. M3 lines obtained from 100 Gy (T1) and 130 Gy (T2) gamma irradiated plants were used in the current investigation. Variations in yield and yield attributing traits between control, T1 and T2 plants were evaluated by taking field data from 5 randomly selected plants from each of four replicated plots. The germination % of control, T1 and T2 in M3 generation were 84%, 75%, and 72% respectively. The significant differences
between the mean values of three groups i.e. control, T1 and T2 were observed in days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), no. of unfilled seeds per head and fertility % with P values of 0.00149, 0.0105, 0.00253, 0.00305 and 0.02648, respectively and Least Significant Differences of 2.08, 2.36, 3.51, 51.58 and 4.07, respectively. Oil from the seeds of control, T1 and T2 extracted using Soxhlet method showed 36.66 %, 37.26 % and 35.80 %, respectively. The antioxidant property of the oil was assayed using DPPH method and found that the antioxidant activity expressed in term of IC50 was best in oil derived from the seeds of T2 plants with IC50value of 184.53 mg/ml. In the present experiment, the effect of gamma irradiation on the expression of free radical processing enzymes was also assessed using qRT--PCR. Mn-Superoxide dismutase showed down regulation in T2 plants compared to both control and T1. Similarly, Alternative Oxidase and Catalase were significantly up-regulated in T1 plants as compared to both control and T2, respectively. These finding suggested that the treatment of sunflower seeds with different doses of gamma irradiations was successful in generating genetic variation of sunflower with positive response in several yield and yield attributing traits such as days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm) and fertility %. These mutant lines after proper selection could be used as composite variety of sunflower and could be utilize as the source of genetic variation in sunflower breeding programs.