GPC- B1 gene mediated shifts in nitrogen metabolism in wheat under organic and conventional farming practices
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Date
2023
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
Comparison of protein content in Gpc-B1 gene mediated wheat lines in relation to activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes was investigated under organic and conventional systems. Different high protein wheat lines PBW 821, BWL1663, BWL 7495, BWL 7502, BWL 7504, BWL 7509, BWL 7511, BWL 7548, PBW 725 and PBW 826 were grown under both organic and conventional conditions. All wheat lines were analysed for morpho-physiological parameters. Flag leaf and developing grains were analysed for protein content and activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes at different developmental stages. In different wheat lines, anthesis stage and maturity came after 90-94 and 134-139 days after sowing under organic conditions whereas these took 58-61 and 105-107 days after sowing under conventional conditions. Tillers per meter row length, spikelet per spikes, grains per spike and thousand grain weight in all wheat lines were found significantly less under organic conditions than under conventional conditions. However, the spikes per plant and harvest index and root: shoot biomass were found significantly higher under organic conditions than under conventional conditions. In all wheat lines, total chlorophyll content in flag leaf was increased from tillering to anthesis and then declines at post anthesis stage under both farming conditions and showed non-significant difference between both farming conditions. A gradual increase in protein content and activities of enzymes nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were found in flag leaf from tillering to 7day post anthesis (DPA) and in developing grains from 7-35 DPA in all wheat lines under both farming conditions. Whereas activities of enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) declined gradually. However, at all stages protein content, NR and GDH activities were higher under conventional conditions. Whereas, GOGAT activity was higher under organic conditions. The protein content, total soluble sugars and free amino acids was found significantly higher in harvested grains of wheat lines under conventional than under organic conditions. The wheat line BWL 7509 was analysed for amino acid profiling. Aspartic acid has highest values followed by asparagine and glutamine in wheat line under both farming conditions. In conclusion, protein content in wheat lines grown under conventional condition were higher than organic conditions and this was directly related to the nitrate reductase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
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Manjot Kaur (2023). GPC- B1 gene mediated shifts in nitrogen metabolism in wheat under organic and conventional farming practices (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.