STUDIES ON MANGO LEAFHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, VARIETAL INFLUENCE AND MANAGEMENT IN NORTH-EASTERN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA
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Date
2023-12-04
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Abstract
The leafhoppers alone can cause 20-100 per cent inflorescence loss in mango during
vegetative and reproductive phases of the tree. They have different species composition
across the mango growing area. The survey conducted across the different location of the
mango growing in Karnataka during 2016-17. The Shannon diversity index indicated that
diversity at surveyed places as Brahmavara (0.61), Bidar (0.60) and Shivamogga (0.56), in
contrary least was observed within Gadag (0.35), Kolar (0.39) and Dharwad (0.41) district of
the Karnataka. The dominance of the leafhoppers by Simpson index recorded that highest
was in Brahamavara and Bidar i.e 0.32 each and lowest dominance was in Gadag (0.16),
Kolar (0.19) and Dharwad (0.20). The richness by Margalef’s index displayed highest was in
Belagavi (0.59) and Shivamogga districts (0.56), and least was observed in other districts
ranged from 0.36 to 0.41. Based on the maximum availability, the ranking was made as
follow; Idioscopus nitidulus>Amritodus atkinsoni>Idioscopus nagpuriensis>Idioscopus
clypealis. In the present experiment different leafhoppers populations were monitored on the
mango tree Kesar at College of horticulture, Bidar, during 2015-17 revealed that the I.
nitidulus was more (4.68 per sweep), followed by A. atkinsoni (3.65) and lastly I.
nagpurensis (3.23). During 2015-16, weather parameters such as maximum temperature and
relative humidity (RH) showed significant positive correlation (r=0.59 to 0.74). Similarly, in
2016-17, wind speed showed positive significant correlation (r=0.57 - 0.62) and no such
relation were observed with other climatic factors. The varietal observations imply, the
varieties like Raspuri, Langra and Kesar were infestated by moderate number of leafhoppers.
The leafhoppers mean population were highest during the fruiting period in the varieties such
as Dasheri, Mulgoa, Neelum and Alphanso. The biochemical study shows that, the highest
quantity of phenol was observed in Mallika, Totapari, Mulgoa and the least was in Rasapuri
and Baneshan. Maximum total sugar was in Dasheri and Baneshan. Regarding total soluble
protein, maximum was in Alphanso, Mulgoa and Neelum varities and lowest was in
Baneshan and Mallika. Similarly, the total amino acid was lowest in Totapari and more in
alphanso. Importantly there was less of the organic acid, protein, amino acids and more
quantity of total phenols were recorded in the resistant varieties compared to susceptible. The
insecticide efficacy study in 2015-17 indicated that the overall per cent reduction of the
leafhoppers was more in tolfenpyrad 15EC (83.54-86.88 %). In bio-pesticides the least was in
azadirachtin (63.43-68.72%) and B. bassiana (65.28-66.00%). Similarly, 2015-16, highest
yield was recorded in tolfenpyrad 15EC (28.33-29.23 kg tree-1) and comparatively less
quantity was recorded in Beauveria bassiana (13.76-16.1 kg tree-1) followed by Azadirachtin
(13.5-15.58 kg tree-1). During 2015-17, the treatments like tolfenpyrad (18.46-19.26 kg tree-1)
and flonicamid (17.76-18.33 kg tree-1) recorded higher yields over the untreated check.