Salt stress induced morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in ornamental tree species
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Date
2022
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigations entitled “Salt stress induced morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in ornamental tree species” were undertaken at Landscape Nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 202022 to screen salinity tolerant ornamental tree species for green of salt affected land. One year old seedlings of fifteen tree species were grown in 10” earthen pots containing soil: FYM (2:1) during first week of February 2020. After one month of transplanting, different concentrations of NaCl viz., 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM were given with irrigation water from March 2020 to January 2022. All the parameters were recorded at four-month interval. The salt treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected the morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters of ornamental tree species. On the basis of investigations, the tree species were categorized as salt tolerant and salt sensitive. Salt tolerant trees include Delonix regia, Acacia auriculiformis, Cassia fistula, Pongamia pinnata, Plumeria alba, Mimuspos elengi, Butea monosperma, Callistemon lanceolatus and Erythrina variegata whereas, salt sensitive include Jacaranda mimosifolia, Bauhinia purpurea, Koelreutaria paniculata, Millettia ovalifolia, Lagerstromia speciosa and Putranjiva roxburghii. The growth parameters slightly increased or maintained in tolerant trees, whereas in salt sensitive trees, growth parameters decreased with an increase in salt concentration during January 2021 and January 2022. The maximum per cent increase in number of branches (19.02%), survival percent (94.36%), reducing sugar (16.94%) at the concentration of (100 mM NaCl) and upper epidermis thickness (45 µm), palisade thickness (128.05 µm), lower epidermis thickness (42 µm), palisade cell length (70.23 µm), palisade cell diameter (32 µm), intercellular space (16.4%) was recorded in C. Lanceolatus at 200 mM NaCl, whereas, during May 2020 to January 2022, minimum per cent decrease in fresh and dry weight of leaves (26.50%), fresh and dry weight of root (26.78 %) and fresh and dry weight of stem (11.54%), was also observed in the same species at 200 mM NaCl. During May 2020 to January 2022, the maximum per cent increase plant height (21.23%), lea area (20.94%), phenol (33.33%) and carotenoid (8.91%) was recorded in E. variegata. In C. fistula tree species maximum percent increase number of leaves (10.23%), plant spread (6.36%), protein (8.33%) and starch (17.33%) at the concentration of 50 mM NaCl. RLWC (5.28 %) and proline (12%) was found in P. alba at 200 mM NaCl. The maximum total chlorophyll, carotenoid, proteins, RLWC, starch, reducing sugar and minimum proline and soluble sugars was observed during rainy season. Osmolyte concentration was more during January. As the level of NaCl in soil increased, EC also increased. It is difficult to maintain the EC during rainy season as due to dilution effect as well as leaching of salts, consequently resulted in reduced level of EC. On the basis of morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters during the 1st and 2nd year of the experiment, tree species were classified as salt tolerant and susceptible. From these, plants highly salt tolerant and the salt susceptible tree species were planted at PAU regional research station, Bathinda. The maximum increase in plant height (4.08 m) in C. fistula, Number of branches per plant (12.0) C. lanceolatus, Stem girth (150.17 mm) A. auriculiformis, Plant spread (1.92 m) C. lanceolatus and survival percentage (100 %) in C. lanceolatus, Pongamia pinnata and C. fistula was observed in saline water irrigated tree species.
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Nagar, Kamal Kishor (2022). Salt stress induced morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in ornamental tree species (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.