OCCURRENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN DUCK, QUAIL, BACKYARD CHICKEN AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
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Date
2021-12-30
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, MANNUTHY
Abstract
Infections with Campylobacter spp., particularly C. jejuni and C. coli, are
considered as the most common causes of bacterial diarrhoea in humans
worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the occurrence
of Campylobacter spp. in duck, quail, backyard chicken and the associated
environmental samples, molecular confirmation of the positive isolates, antibiotic
resistance profile and genotypic resistance against tetracycline and erythromycin.
Comparative analysis regarding occurrence and antibiogram of Campylobacter
spp. in duck, quail and backyard chicken rearing facilities were carried out. The
study also assessed the occurrence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) isolates and
multiple antimicrobial resistance index (MAR).
Among the total 220 samples analysed from duck rearing facilities, an
occurrence of 10, eight and two per cent was recorded from cloacal swabs, soil
and drinking water samples, respectively. The occurrence of the organism in farm
DF2 was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to DF3. In quail rearing
facilities, an occurrence of 14.17 per cent was observed from cloacal swabs, while
that of soil and drinking water samples were two and 10 per cent, respectively.
The overall occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in farm QF2 was significantly
higher (p<0.05) when compared QF1 and QF3. In backyard chicken rearing
facilities, percentage occurrence of the organism in cloacal swabs and soil
samples were 25.83 and eight per cent respectively. None of the water samples
collected from backyard chicken rearing facilities was positive for the organism.
The overall occurrence of the organism in backyard chicken rearing facilities
(15.91%) was found significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to duck rearing
facilities (7.73%). Overall occurrence in quail rearing facilities was 10.45 per
cent.
All the C. coli isolates showed resistance against cefotaxime, ceftazidime,
ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Cent per cent C. jejuni isolates were resistant to
cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Sixty-four out of total 75 Campylobacter positive
isolates were multidrug resistant. The multidrug resistance of C. coli isolates was
86.36 per cent, while that of C.jejuni isolates was 83.87 per cent. The multiple
antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index was found to be within the range of 0.23-
0.80. Genotypic resistance against tetracycline and erythromycin was observed in
6.67 and 2.67 per cent of positive isolates. A multifaceted one health approach
including human medicine, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, environmental
specialist, public health institutes and epidemiological surveillance agencies is
mandatory to control food-borne diseases and up gradation of biosecurity
measures. In addition to the virulence profiling, continuous surveillance and
monitoring is required to tackle the antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. in
food animals
Description
Thesis Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science in Veterinary Public Health.