ISOLATION AND ENTEROTOXIGENIC GENE PROFILE OF Aeromonas hydrophila FROM FISH
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Date
2024-03-28
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a food-borne pathogen that is transmitted through contaminated fish and marine foods. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and enterotoxin gene profile of Aeromonas hydrophila from fish in the Jammu region. One hundred fifty samples of fish were collected from retail markets in Jammu for bacteriological examination. Ampicillin dextrin agar was used for the preliminary isolation. After confirming it by biochemical tests, the positive isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were screened for the presence of three enterotoxin genes encoding cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), cytotonic heat-labile enterotoxin (alt) and cytotonic heat-stable enterotoxin (ast) using a conventional PCR and the positive isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. The results revealed that 28 isolates (18.6%) were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila out of 150 fish samples. Out of 28 isolates, act genes were present in 24 (85.7%), alt genes in 23 (82.1%) and ast genes in only 2 (7.1%). The isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to the antibiotic. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (100% resistance) was the most resistant, followed by Amoxyclav (85.7%), Ciprofloxacin (50%), Tetracycline (35.7%), Chloramphenicol (32.1%), Gentamicin (17.8%), Cefixime (14.2%) and Cefoperazone (3.3%). It is thus concluded that eating raw or undercooked fish may put human health at risk due to the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila since a significant percentage of isolates found in fish samples had one or more enterotoxin genes.
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