Genetic variability studies in genomic based sequence lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Date
2022-11-30
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The present investigation, entitled “Genetic variability studies in genomic based sequence lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was carried out during Rabi season 2021–2022 at the Horticulture Research Scheme (Vegetable), Department of Horticulture. Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (Maharashtra). The forty five genomic based sequence lines of tomato, including five checks were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications. The genotypes were evaluated and observations were recorded for twenty two different traits. The data were collected and studied for genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, per cent of mean for genetic advance, correlation, path analysis and genetic diversity.
The analysis of variance showed that there was a highly significant difference among all genotypes for all the traits, showing greater chances of improvement in all the genotypes for the parameters studied. A wide range of variability was observed in number of primary branches per plant, number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight and the fruit yield per plant.
For all the traits studied, the PCV was quite higher than the GCV indicating that environmental factors influenced their expression in some sort. The higher values of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for the yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, average fruit weight and number of primary branches per plant. Heritability estimates were high for all the characters studied. The highest value of heritability was observed for lycopene content and the lowest for pericarp thickness. The highest and lowest values of genetic advance as a per cent of mean was shown for fruit yield per plant and days to 50% flowering, respectively. High heritability together with high genetic gain was observed for fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plot and lycopene.
Correlation coefficients were high at genotypic level than phenotypic level. Results indicated that fruit yield per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per plant, length of fruit (cm), diameter of fruit (cm), number of locules per fruit, average fruit weight, yield per plot (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (ton) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, respectively. Path coefficient analysis showed that the characters fruit yield per hectare and number of fruits per plant traits recorded maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, respectively.
The divergence (D2) analysis was carried out for twenty two characters, which divides forty five genotypes into seven clusters. Cluster I (27) has reported the maximum number of genotypes, followed by Cluster III (10) genotypes. The maximum intra-cluster distance was shown by Cluster V (1322.45). The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between Cluster III and Cluster VII (5751.71). Fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, lycopene, T.S.S and pericarp thickness were major characters that contributed to the genetic divergence.
On the basis of the mean performance of the genotypes among the different traits studied, the genotype were identified as promising genotypes viz., T-85, T-227, Arka Meghali, Hissar Arun and Arka Alok. Hence, these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.