Resource conservation through crop establishment methods and weed management practices in winter rice (Oryza sativa L.) - garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) relay cropping system
Loading...
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field at Pirakata Brahmin gaon under the jurisdiction of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jorhat with a view to study the resource conservation through crop establishment methods and weed management practices in winter rice (Oryza sativa. L.) - garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) relay cropping system during 2019-20 & 2020-21. The treatment consisted of four crop establishment methods of winter rice (T) viz., T1 : WDSR (Broadcasting), T2 : WDSR (Modified Drum Seeder with furrow opener), T3 : PTR (Farmers’ Practice), T4 : PTR (Mechanized Transplanting by paddy transplanter) where WDSR: Wet Direct Seeded Rice, PTR: Puddled Transplanted Rice along with three weed management practices of rice (W) viz., W0 : Weedy check, W1 : Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb bispyribac-sodium 0.025 kg/ha (20 DAS/DAT) as post-emergence, W2: Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb manual weeding (30 DAS/DAT). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, medium acidic in reaction, mediumin organic carbon and available N and low in available P2O5 and K2O.
The study revealed that establishment method i.e. T3: PTR (FP) resulted lower weed growth during 30 DAS in winter rice but T2: WDSR (Drum Seeder) had lower weed growth in subsequent growth stages at par with T3: PTR (FP) and T4: PTR (MTR). It was found that T2, T3 and T4 had higher growth and yield parameters of the crop as compared to T1 : WDSR (B) which resulted higher grain and straw yield of winter rice as well as uptake of nutrients. The highest grain yield of 49.79 and 50.13 q/ha of winter rice was recorded under T4 : PTR (MTR) followed by 46.62 and 47.8 q/ha in T2 : WDSR (Drum seeder) during 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Among the weed management practices, i.e. W1: Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb. Bispyribac-sodium 0.025 kg/ha (20 DAS/DAT) as post-emergence and W2: Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb manual weeding (30 DAS/DAT) recorded lower weed growth and nutrient uptake with higher weed control efficiency (WCE) and weed control index (WCI) during active growth period of winter rice. This resulted into higher crop growth characteristics and yield parameters which ensured higher grain and straw yield as well as uptake of nutrients by winter rice. The percent increase in grain yield of winter rice in W1 and W2 as compared to W0 (control) was 82.97, 84.52 in 2019 and 81.62, 81.58, respectively in 2020.
The treatment combination T4W2 recorded highest grain and straw yield of winter rice which was statistically at par with T4W1, T2W1 and T2W2. The higher B:C of 2.27 and 2.14 was recorded in T2W1 with higher gross return and net return followed by T2W2 (2.18 and 2.08 during 2019 and 2020, respectively).
In case of relay garden pea, no significant difference in green pod yield and stover yield was recorded due to rice establishment methods and weed management practices. Highest green pod yield of 18.54 and 19.10 q/ha was recorded under rice establishment method T4: PTR (MTR) during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Weed management practice W1 resulted higher green pod yield of 18.23 q/ha during 2019-20 whereas W2 resulted higher green pod yield of 18.36 q/ha during 2020-21.
Soil physico-chemical properties like bulk density, water holding capacity, carbon stock of soil at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth, available N, P2O5 and K2O were significantly improved under rice establishment method PTR (MTR).
Cost benefit analysis of the winter rice–relay garden pea cropping system revealed that among different treatment combinations highest B: C was registered in T2W1 (2.67 and 2.51) followed by T2W2 (2.49 and 2.37) during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively.