RESPONSE OF SUMMER MUNGBEAN TO WEATHER WITH VARYING IRRIGATION SCHEDULES AND TESTING OF BEANGRO MODEL FOR MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC ZONE
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Date
1999
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Publisher
AAU, Anand
Abstract
Mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) is one of the major grain pulse crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. It being a photo and thermo-insensitive crop, is successfully raised in kharif as well as in summer seasons where the adequate irrigation facilities are available. Summer season provides an ideal condition for raising mungbean with quite handsome profits. Since, the effects of weather on yield are complex, it will need the deeper and clear understanding of the climatic factors affecting the growth and yield of mungbean. The field experiment during summer season of the years 1997 and 1998 was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The three dates of sowing were assigned as a main plot treatment, three irrigation regimes and two varieties as sub-plot treatment. The results obtained during the course of study revealed that the weather had played a significant role in deciding the yield of mungbean. However, the weather variables had affected the crop growth and yield differently in different phenophases during its growing period. The results regarding the grain yield as well as total biomass of mungbean as influenced by the different dates of sowing showed that D2 sowing date noa produced significantly higher grain yield as well as total biomass. The similar trend was also found in yield attributing characters, such as number of branches per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and test weight. Irrigation scheduled through IW/CPE = 0.8 and variety K-851 proved best. The favourable effects of weather parameters for the growth and development of the crop was experienced by the D2 sown crop during the phenophases of flower bud initiation to 50 per cent podding in terms of the lower maximum temperature, higher vapour pressure and less hours of bright sunshine. Correlation coefficients between grain yield and weather parameters as well as agro-meteorological indices indicated that, the grain yield and morning time relative humidity was significantly negatively correlated in the phenophase Pi. There were significant positive correlations of grain yield with minimum temperature, afternoon vapour pressure and afternoon relative humidity in the phenophases P3 and P4 (50 per cent flowering to 50 per cent podding). The results also indicated that the lower temperatures at the time of flowering had delayed the flowering bud initiation and hence, the increased in the period of the phas ic development which had benifited in the crop production. The higher relative humidity prevailed during the flowering phase helped in proper seed setting by overcoming the pollen dessication and thereby, in good grain yield. The favourable impact of vapour pressure on grain yield ascribed the lower evaporative demand and thereby more vegetative growth and consequently more grain yield. The significant positive correlations exhibited by accumulated photosynthetically active radiation during the reproductive ontongeny resulted in more photosynthates available to the pods for their development. The positive correlations of accumulated thermal interception rate during P2 and P5 phases indicated that more available energy may help in allocation of synthesized assimilates towards the reproductive organs and thereby, producing more grain yield , Agro-meteorological indices like accumulated growing degree days and accumulated photothermal unit also exhibited significantly positive correlation with grain yield. Studies on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation indicated that the IPAR use efficiencies were observed more in D2 treatment (19th March sowing date) during both the years. The average value of the extinction coefficient (K) was obtained as 0.73.
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Keywords
AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY, AGRICULTURE, A STUDY