STANDARDIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF PREMIUM QUALITY FENNEL SEED POWDER USING CRYOGENIC GRINDING
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Date
2021
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College of Food Processing Technology and Bio-Energy, Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a biennial or perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to
the Apiaceae family. Fennel seeds are very popular as effective household treatment
for common ailments, particularly stomach inflammation. Fennel seed and oil are used
to promote health, in prevention of diseases, and as a flavouring agent in food items.
The essential oils and various extracts from fennel have been shown to possess
antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antihirsutism, memory-enhancing
property, antiaging effects, antimutagenic effect and antistress activities. Cryogenic
grinding is method of powdering products at sub-zero temperature ranges from 0 to 195°C. The present investigation was undertaken to optimize cryogenic grinding
parameters to obtain superior quality of fennel seed powder. Fennel seed contain
moisture content 6.70±0.25%, carbohydrate content by difference 44.32±0.38%,
protein content 7.52±0.77%, total fat 13.65±0.46%, crude fiber content 18.42±0.34%
and volatile oil content 2.4±0.037%. The effect of grinding temperature (ambient, 0, -
20, -40, -60, -80, -100°C), feed rate (12, 14 and 16 kg/hour) and sieve size (0.8, 1.0 and
1.5 mm) were evaluated with respect to grinding time, volatile oil content, anethole
content, fenchone content, estragole content, energy consumption and liquid nitrogen
consumption.