EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ALONG WITH BIOFERTILIZER ON PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2005
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
A field study entitled "Effect of Irrigation and chemical Fertilizer along with Biof ertilizer on crop productivity of Rabi Maize (Zea mays L.) " «Was conducted during 2002-03 and 2003-04 at the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The soil of the experimental site was loamy sand in texture, free from any kind of salinity or sodicity hazards, low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The objectives of experimentation were to evaluate the effect of irrigation on growth and yield, to study the impact of bio fertilizer alone or in association with chemical fertilizer, to determine CU and WUE, uptake and availability of nutrients and economics of the rabi maize. The experiment comprised combinations of four irrigation scheduling (irrigation at 5 leaf stage +knee high stage + silking stage, irrigation at 5Teaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage, irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + tasselling stage + silking stage + dough stage and irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 and three doses of chemical fertilizer (100, 75 and 50 per cent RDF) along with three levels of bio-fertilizer (no biofertilizer, Azospirillum lipoferom-ASA-l+FSB-16, Azospirillum lipoferom-ASA-l +VAM). The experiment laid out in a split plot design (SPD) with three replications, wherein, irrigation scheduling were relegated in the main plots while combinations of chemical fertilizer doses and bio fertilizers were assigned to the sub-plots. Maize cv. Gujarat Maize-3 was taken as test crop. The results of the present investigation indicated that most of the growth characters in terms of plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation, CGR, and days to mid tasselling and silking showed significant improvement due to irrigation scheduling. The values of these attributes were obtained maximum when the crop was irrigated at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 or at critical growth stages (irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage). The maize plants exhibited maximum value of yield components viz., number of cobs plant1, number of rows cob1, length and girth of cob, grain weight cob4 and test weight by irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE ratio 0.75, irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage and irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + tasselling stage + silking stage + dough stage having statistical equivalence with each other. Highest maize grain and stover yields were obtained under IW/CPE ratio 0.75, though the results were at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage and irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + tasselling stage + silking stage + dough stage. Similarly, maximum N and P uptake by grain and stover were recorded under IW/CPE ratio 0.75. The highest post harvest soil available N, P2O5 and K2O were observed under irrigation scheduling at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage. Among the quality parameters, the oil content of grain was not affected by irrigation scheduling, while protein content in grain showed significantly higher under irrigation scheduling at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + tasselling stage + silking stage + dough stage. Similar trend also obtained in consumptive use of water. In case of water use efficiency it was obtained higher under irrigation scheduling at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage+ silking stage + dough stage. Most of the growth parameters studied during the course of investigation such as plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation, and CGR, were significantly improved due to 100 % recommended dose of chemical fertilizer. The yield components viz., number of cobs plant-1, number of rows cob1, length and girth of cob, number of grains and their weight cob-1, 1000 grains weight and shelling percentage were noted significantly higher under 100 % RDF compared to 75 and 50 % RDF. Maximum grain and stover yields were obtained by applying 100% RDF. Similarly, the uptake of N and P nutrients by grain and stover were significantly increased due to increase doses of chemical fertilizer from 50 to 100% RDF. The highest post harvest soil available N and P2O5 were observed under 100% RDF, while soil available K2O recorded maximum under 50% RDF. Quality parameters such as oil and protein content of grain were maximum with application of 100% RDF. The CU and WUE were increased with the increasing doses of chemical fertilizer from 50 to 100% RDF. The effect of bio-fertilizer was significant in almost all attributes studied during the course of investigation, wherein seed inoculation with Azosprillum lipoferom (ASA-1) along with vesicular arbascular mycorrhizea (VAM) or Azospirillum lipoferom (ASA-1)+PSB-16 showed significant improvement over without seed inoculation. However, harvest index and oil content of grain did not differ significantly due to bio-fertilizer. The correlation study indicated that grain yield had highly significant positive correlation with almost all growth and yield attributes and chemical traits except harvest index (HI) and oil content of grain. Irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 registered the highest net realization (Rs.17790 ha-1) with the maximum CBR 1:2.50, while, irrigation at 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage) gave higher net realization Rs.17221 ha1. However, 100% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer along with seed inoculation recorded higher net profit. From the foregoing results it is pertinent that rabi maize variety GM-3 gave higher yield as well as net returns when it was irrigated at critical growth stages of 5 leaf stage + knee high stage + silking stage + dough stage and fertilized to supply 100% RDF (100 kg N + 50 kg. P205) along with seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer (ASA-1+VAM or ASA-l+PSB-16) under Middle Gujarat Agro climatic conditions.
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AGRONOMY, AGRICULTURE, A Study