Effect of different artificial food on the growth and development of honeybee, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera : Apidae)
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Date
2017-07
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AAU, Jorhat
Abstract
Experiment was conducted during 2016 in the Apiary and Apiculture Laboratory,
Department of Entomology, AAU, Jorhat to see the “Effect of different artificial food on the
growth and development of honeybee, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)”. It was found
that the colony strength was found to be maximum (6.50±0.36) and (7.25±0.26) in the
treatment 5 (Soybean flour + Sugar solution + Yeast + Vitamins) and lowest was found to be
(5.57±0.58) and (6.30±0.82) at treatment 7 that is sugar solution (Control) after 7 and 15 days
respectively. The highest egg area (20.22±1.79cm²) and (24.54±1.43cm²) was observed in the
treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (16.26±1.97cm2) and (20.32±1.16cm²) at treatment 7
after 7 and 15 days respectively. Likewise, the maximum larval area (17.19±1.68cm²) and
(20.35±0.85cm²) was observed in the treatment 5 and minimum was found to be
(11.45±0.42cm2) and (13.39±1.51cm²) at treatment 7 after 7 and 15 days respectively. And
the highest pupal area (17.62±1.10cm²) and (24.34±0.58cm²) was observed in the treatment 5
and lowest was found to be (11.24±0.57cm²) and (18.22±1.13cm²) at treatment 7 after 7 and
15 days respectively.
The maximum pollen area was observed after 7 days (9.32±2.09 cm²) and 15
days (14.49±1.12cm²) in treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (5.48±1.43cm²) after 7 and
(8.23±0.99cm²) after 15 days at treatment 7. The highest honey hoarding was observed after 7
days and 15 days of treatment in treatment 5 are (15.10±0.57cm²) and (22.97±1.09cm²) and
lowest was found to be (10.96±0.04cm²) and (15.40±0.24cm²) at treatment 7 respectively.
The highest length of larvae was observed (0.67±0.02cm) after 5 days of
treatment in treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (0.50±0.10cm) at treatment 7. The
maximum breadth of larvae was observed (0.35±0.04cm) after 5 days of treatment in
treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (0.28±0.10cm) at treatment 7. The highest weight of
larvae (0.33±0.02gm) was also observed in treatment 5 after 5 days of treatment and lowest
was found to be (0.27±0.02gm) at treatment 7. The maximum length of pupae (1.00±0.06cm)
was observed after 12 days of treatment in treatment 5 and minimum was found to be
(0.88±0.06cm) at treatment 7. The highest breadth of pupae (0.46±0.06cm) was observed
after 12 days of treatment in treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (0.39±0.06cm) at
treatment 7. Likewise, the highest weight of pupae (0.36±0.03gm) was observed after 12 days
of treatment in treatment 5 and lowest was found to be (0.30±0.02gm) at treatment 7.
The enemies occurred in the colonies during the year were wasps, waxmoth,
ants, lizard and cockroach. The diseases found in the colonies during observation were
Thaisac brood and Nosema. The lowest larval mortality was observed (0.10±1.00%) after 5
days of treatment in treatment 5 and 3 and highest (0.67±0.58%) was found at treatment 7.
The minimum pupal mortality (1.26±1.15%) and (0.23±1.00%) was observed in treatment 5
and maximum was found to be (1.67±1.00%) and (0.59±1.15%) at treatment 7 after 7 and 12
days of treatment respectively. However lowest adult mortality was observed (1.33±0.58%)
and (0.56±0.58%) after 7 and 15 days of treatment in treatment 5 and highest was found to be
(1.67±1.15%) and (0.67±0.58%) at treatment 7 respectively.
The various meteorological factors viz. temperature, relative humidity and
rainfall influenced the brood area, weight of larvae and pupae. Maximum temperature and
maximum relative humidity showed positive correlation with brood area, weight of larvae
and pupae. On the other hand, minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity and rainfall
showed negative correlation with brood area, weight of larvae and pupae.