Relationship of occurrence and development of powdery mildew of wheat with weather parameters and its management
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Date
2014
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Powdery mildew of wheat caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases worldwide. In India it occurs in certain parts of the North-Western Plains and hill Zone. It occurs regularly in sub mountainous areas of Punjab. Surveys carried out during 2012-13 and 2013-14 revealed that powdery mildew was more severe in the districts of Hoshiarpur, Ropar, SBS Nagar and Gurdaspur. Investigations on relationship of occurrence and development of disease with weather parameters revealed that temperature, relative humidity and rainfall play significant role in the progress of disease. Rate of progress was found to be higher during October and February-March due to the favourable environmental conditions. Investigations on effect of date of sowing (November 1st, November 15th and November 30th) and method of sowing (Flat sowing and Ridge sowing) revealed that severity of disease was lower in the ridge sowing of November 30th sown crop. The experiments on the effect of different seed rates (35, 40, 45 and 50 Kg/acre) on the development of the disease revealed that the severity of the disease was higher in higher seed rate. Out of 329 genotypes screened under the field conditions 118 were found to be susceptible, 28 moderately susceptible, 42 moderately resistant and 141 were highly resistant. The evaluation of fungicides namely Tilt 25 EC (propiconazole), Folicur 25 EC (tebuconazole), Folicur 430 SC (tebuconazole 430 SC), Bayleton 25 WP (triadimefon), Amistar Top 325 SC (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole), Amistar Extra 280 SC (azoxystrobin + cyproconazol), Picoxystrobin + Propiconazole 20 EC, Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole), Opera 25 SC (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) and Karathane 48 EC (dinocap) were found to be effective against Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in-vitro at different concentrations viz. 10ppm, 25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm using poison food technique in water agar media. These fungicides were also evaluated against the disease under field conditions and were found to check powdery mildew of wheat effectively.
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Keywords
Plant Pathology, wheat, Entomology, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, powdery mildew, weather parameters