Effect of different herbicides on complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2020
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Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of different herbicides on complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted during rabi, season of 2019-20 at the Research farm, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, medium in organic carbon (0.50 %), low in available nitrogen (192.45 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (22.64 kg ha-1) and medium in potassium (191.88 kg ha-1) content with neutral pH (7.5). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of fourteen weed management practices viz, T1: Pendimethalin 30 % EC @ 1000g a.i. ha-1 + Metribuzin 70 % WP @ 210 g a.i. ha- (TM) as PE, T2: Metribuzin 70 % WP @ 210 g a.i. ha-1 as PE, T3: Metribuzin (70 % WP) @ 210 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T4: Carfentrazone-ethyl 40 % DF @20 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T5: Metsulfuron-methyl 20 % WP @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T6: 2,4-D ethyl ester 38 % EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T7: Sulfosulfuron 75 % WG @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T8:Clodinafop-propargyl 15 % + Metsulfuron-methyl 1 % WP (RM) @ 60+4 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T9:Sulfosulfuron 75 % + Metsulfuron-methyl 5 % WG (RM) @ 30+2 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T10:Carfentrazone-ethyl 20% + Sulfosulfuron 25 % WG (RM) @ 20+25 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T11: Clodinafop-propargyl 15 % WP + Metribuzin 70 % WP (TM) @ 60+175 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, T12: Mesosulfuron-methyl 3 % + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 0.6 % WG (RM) @ 12+2.4 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE,T13: Weed free and T14: Weedy check. The wheat variety HD-2967 was grown on 23th November 2019, and harvesting was done on 5th April, 2020.The weed species which infested the experimental plot were Argemona mexicana, Solanum nigrum, Polygonum plebejum, Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Melilotus indica, Convolvulus arvensis and Vicia sativa,Phalaris minor, Cynodon dactylon, Fumaria parviflora,Cyperus rotondus, Cyprus iria, Cyprus difformis.Growth parameters viz. plant height, Number of tillers, dry matter production, as well as yield attributes, grain yield and straw yield were maximum under weed free condition (T13), followed by clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T8) and Mesosulfuron @ 12 g a.i. ha-1 + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium @ 2.4 g a.i. ha-1PoE (T12).Weed free treatment has recorded significantly higher grain (4.49 t ha-1) and straw yield (5.53 t ha-1). The grain yield enhancement of 5.1 % (T8), 7.12 % (T12), 24.4 % (T9) and 43.87 % (weedy check) were observed in weed free treatment. Among the herbicide treatments, carfentrazone-ethyl @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T4), sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl @ 30+2 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T9) and carfentrazone-ethyl + sulfosulfuron@ 20+25 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T10) were found phyto-toxic on wheat.Weed free (T13), followed by clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T8) and mesosulfuron @ 12 g a.i. ha-1 + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium @ 2.4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T12) were most appropriate for reducing weed population, weed dry matter production, and recorded highest weed control efficiency.Net returns was maximum (Rs.61719 ha-1) under weed free, followed by clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T8), mesosulfuron @ 12 g a.i. ha-1 + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium @ 2.4 g a.i. ha-1PoE (T12), sulfosulfuron @ 30 g a.i. ha-1+ metsulfuron-methyl @ 2 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T9) and carfentrazone-ethyl @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 + sulfosulfuron @ 25 g a.i. ha-1PoE (T10). Whereas, B:C ratio (1.65) was maximum under clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE (T8), followed by T12 (1.57), T9 (1.45), and T10 (1.32) and weed free (1.48). It can be concluded that application of clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 PoE can be recommended for wheat in enhancing grain yield in terms of better growth, yield attributes and achieving more net returns as well as B: C ratio apart from suppressing the weeds through higher weed control efficiency and lower weed index.