TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SUBACUTE LEAD ACETATE TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS
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Date
2008
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to study clinical signs, hematobiochemical alterations, and pathomorphological changes induced by lead acetate toxicity in Wistar rats. Fourty eight colony bred albino Wistar strain rats of both sexes, were divided uniformly into four different groups. The group I received only deionised water and served as control while, group II, III and group IV rats were given Lead Acetate @ 1 PPM, 100 PPM and 1000 PPM respectively, through deionised water for 28 days. The clinical signs like weakness, lethargy, pale mucous membrane, diarrhoea and respiratory distress were noticed in group III and group IV with varied severity in male and female animals. The dose dependent significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body weight was observed up to 7th day of experiment in group III and IV. In male and female rats, the dose dependant significant (P < 0.05) reduction in mean values of feed intake was observed from 1st week of experiment in treatment group III and IV. The water intake remained unaffected in all the treatment groups. The mean absolute weights of liver, kidney, spleen, and lung in male and female rats were increased in treatment group III and IV. While, the weight of heart and testes were decreased in female and male rats respectively in treatment group III and IV. There was dose dependant reduction in TEC, Hb and PCV in treatment group III and IV rats, which resulted in microcytic hypochromic anemia. Group III and IV rats revealed dose dependant significant (P < 0.05) decrease in leukocytes count. The DLC in lead treated groups revealed no significant change in mean values of neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte count in all the treatment group and remained comparable to their control. However, the lymphocyte percent decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in high and intermediate dose group rats. A dose dependant significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean values of AST, ALP, AKP, GGT, BUN, creatinine and decrease in TP and albumin were observed in group III and IV rats. All the rats exposed to lead acetate through drinking water at three different dose levels revealed dose dependant pathological changes in group III and group IV. The lesions were characterized by degeneration, necrosis inflammatory and vascular changes. The main target organs affected were kidney, liver and testes. The overall lesions gave impression that lead was hepatotoxic as well as nephrotoxic in nature. The intensity and distribution of such lesions were found more severe in rats of group IV, followed by rats of group III.
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VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, A STUDY