POST MORTEM EVALUATION OF AVIAN PANCREAS AND THYROID WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Date
2023-01-09
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCS, POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Poultry farming and pet bird rearing and breeding are booming sectors in the country but diseases affect the growth detrimentally. Even though occurrence of infectious conditions were studied well, affections of exocrine and endocrine glands were less explored. The present study focused on the systematic recording of gross and histopathological changes in pancreas and thyroid of birds and screened for bacterial and viral infectious agents such as Marek’s disease virus (MDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A detailed post mortem examination of 116 poultry and pet bird carcasses was carried out, gross lesions were noted and representative samples were collected from pancreas, thyroid and other visceral organs for histopathology and molecular screening for viruses. Culture was done on suitable medium for bacterial isolation and identification. Gross pancreatic lesions observed in 26.72 per cent of carcasses in which parenchymal mottling (14.6 per cent) was the major gross lesion. Microscopically, Atrophic changes (33.6 per cent) and inflammatory cell infiltration (25.9 per cent) were the most frequent lesions observed in exocrine pancreas while degenerative changes were the major lesions in endocrine pancreas. Gross lesions in thyroid were observed in 23.27 per cent carcasses among which mildly enlarged and red-brown coloured thyroid (14.65 per cent) was the major gross change observed. Microscopically, congestion (35.3 per cent) and inflammatory cells infiltration (25.8 per cent) were the most frequent lesion observed in thyroid. Grading for atrophic changes in pancreas was based on shrinkage of acinar cells with depletion of zymogen granules, cytoplasmic vacuolation and interstitial fibrosis. Grading of infiltration and proliferation of lymphoid neoplastic cells in thyroid were also made. Infectious agents such as E. coli, MDV, IBV, NDV or IBDV were detected in 60.34 per cent of the samples among which the occurrence of E. coli infection (22.4 per cent) was highest followed by MDV (13 per cent). It was observed that younger chicken were the most commonly affected age group. Pathology associated with detected infectious conditions were evaluated.