MULTIMODAL BALANCED GENERAL ANAESTHESIA USING TILETAMINE, ZOLAZEPAM, BUTORPHANOL, DEXMEDETOMIDINE, PROPOFOL AND LIGNOCAINE IN DOGS
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Date
2023-03-14
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Ten adult dogs of different ages, belonging to either sex and categorized as ASA class I, II or III, posted for various surgeries were premedicated with meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg and sedated using a combination of dexmedetomidine @ 5 mcg/kg, butorphanol @ 0.2 mg/kg, tiletamine-zolazepam @ 2mg/kg intramuscularly. Upon sedation, anaesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously “to effect”. Upon induction, all the animals were intubated and provided 100% oxygen through a suitable breathing circuit from an anaesthesia machine. Following intravenous administration of a loading dose of lignocaine @ 2 mg/kg, anaesthesia was maintained using two CRIs – one comprising dexmedetomidine @ 2 mcg/kg/h, lignocaine @ 50 µg/kg/min, and ketamine @ 40 µg/kg/min and the other propofol @ 50 µg/kg/min.
The combination provided smooth and profound sedation within 6.18 ± 1.34 minutes. Anaesthesia could then be induced with propofol administered intravenously at 0.58 ± 0.06 mg/kg. The animals recovered in 38.5 ± 5.72 minutes, following cessation of CRIs. Profound muscle relaxation, analgesia and unconsciousness were achieved. Reduction in heart rate and pulse rate were present, but mean arterial blood pressure was high, ensuring adequate organ and tissue perfusion. There was significant decrease in rectal temperature following induction and during the period of anaesthetic maintenance. There was significant reduction in the rate of respiration and respiration became shallow. Hence ventilation was assisted in all the animals to maintain eucapnea. Blood lactate, ALT and creatinine values were found lower after recovery when compared to baseline values, suggesting improved organ perfusion.
It could be thus concluded that the anaesthetic protocol did not compromise cardiovascular functions, but caused respiratory depression. The resultant hypoventilation could easily be managed by assisting ventilation manually or mechanically. The protocol provided excellent analgesia for soft tissue procedures and various orthopaedic procedures. Nociception may be noticed with some severely painful orthopaedic manoeuvers, which could be easily managed by supplementing ketamine at its analgesic doses.