Clinico-epidemiological Study on Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Bovine
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Date
2024-04-24
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K)
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, haematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in MCF affected bovine over a period of one year. A total of 290 animals including 122 cattle, 133 buffaloes, 11 sheep and 24 goats of different age groups and sex in different seasons were sampled and examined by hemi-nested PCR assay. The overall molecular prevalence of MCF in bovine was found to be 19.21 per cent. Individually, the molecular prevalence in cattle and buffaloes was found to be 18.85 per cent (23/122) and 19.54 per cent (26/133), respectively. The highest prevalence was found in adult female animals (>6years age) in both cattle and buffaloes. The season wise prevalence peaked during winter and monsoon in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Sheep (11) and goats (24) reared with bovine herd showed the molecular prevalence of 36.36 per cent and 41.66 per cent, respectively. The morbidity and case fatality rate (CFR) in herd wise sampling of buffaloes was found to be 6.25 to 33.33 per cent and 50 to 100 per cent, respectively. Fever, corneal opacity, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, diarrhea, dermatological lesions, red color urine, enlarged lymph nodes, blindness and muzzle erosions were the main clinical signs observed in MCF affected bovine. Fever (100%) and enlarged lymph nodes (100%) were found to be the consistent feature in MCF affected buffaloes whereas enlarged lymph nodes, ocular and nasal discharge (86.95 %) were found in majority of the MCF affected cattle. The positive non- significant correlation between form of disease and PCR positive results in cattle and buffaloes was found to be 17.2 per cent and 14.8 per cent, respectively. The MCF affected bovine had a significantly lower values (p<0.05) of Hb, PCV, TEC, ALB, A:G ratio and significantly higher values (p<0.05) for TLC, GLB, AST, BUN, creatinine and fibrinogen. Post-mortem gross findings in MCF dead buffalo calf showed enlargement of mesenteric lymph node, pin-point haemorrhages on intestine, spleenomegaly, infarction in lungs and friable liver. Vasculitis with huge mononuclear cell infiltration in liver, kidney and spleen was significant finding on histopathological examintion. Nucleotide sequence of 238bp tegument protein gene showed 100 per cent similarity with Brazil and Mexico strain and 97.88 per cent to 98.73 per cent similarity with other sequences reported earlier from India.
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