MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BHUT JOLOKIA (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
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Date
2015
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AAU, Jorhat
Abstract
An experiment was conducted during the year 2012-13 and 2013-14 in the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat on eleven Bhut jolokia (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) genotypes for morphological and biochemical characterization. Observations were recorded for morphologic traits, growth characters, yield and yield attributing traits, biochemical characters and colour parameters. Characterization of the genotypes was done based on 11 morphological characters following the descriptors developed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute for the genus Capsicum, IPGRI (1995).The genotypes were characterized by the 11 morphological characters, of which only 4 characters showed polymorphism.
Significant variation was revealed among the genotypes for all the growth and yield and yield attributing characters except for 1000 seed weight. The highest fruit yield per plant with the highest number of flowers per cluster, minimum days to emergence of flower bud, highest number of fruits per plant and maximum days to harvest maturity was produced by G9 compared to other genotypes. Among the other genotypes G1, G6 and G10 were found promising for fruit yield.
All the genotypes showed significant variation with regard to the biochemical characters except moisture content. Genotypes G1 showed the highest content for potassium, iron, capsaicin, moisture and DPPH scavenging activity. It was observed that the crude protein, beta-carotene and oleoresin content were highest in G3 compared to the other genotypes. G6 gave the highest value for ascorbic acid and phosphorus content compared to the other genotypes under study.
From the colour value estimation it was found that genotype G3 exhibited the highest ‘L’ and ‘a’ value while G4 showed the highest value for ‘b’ and hue compared to the other genotypes and the highest value for Chroma was recorded in G9.
From the study of genetic parameters in this population of genotypes, it was observed that fruit yield per plant showed the highest genotypic variation, heritability and genetic advance. The other characters found to be effective selection criteria were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of fruits per plant and number of seeds per fruit.
From Path analysis it was found that the number of primary branches and fruit width exerted positive direct effects and were positively correlated with fruit yield per plant. Thus by considering both genetic parameters and character relationships number of leaves per plant, days to emergence of flower bud, fruit width, number of primary branches per plant, number of fruit per plant and harvest duration could be further exploited for crop improvement to develop suitable plant type. Thus considerable variation observed among the genotypes for various yield attributes suggested good scope for developing high yielding varieties through selection and hybridization. Moreover identification and characterization of bhut jolokia genotypes is essential for protection of plant varieties and for maintenance breeding, seed production and certification.
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