CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DOGS
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Date
2012
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR
Abstract
The study on “Clinico-therapeutic studies on urinary tract infections in dogs”
was conducted in twenty eight dogs. Detailed anamnesis, signalment, clinical signs,
general examination, haematobiochemical studies, ultrasonographic and radiographic
evaluation, urinalysis, culture, anti-biogram of isolates, clinical response and
histopathological studies were conducted.
The occurrence of urinary tract infection in this study was 42.42 %. The major
clinical signs noted in the study were pyuria, stranguria, haematuria, anorexia,
pollakiuria, foul smelling urine or dark yellow urine and emesis. Elevated rectal
temperature, respiratory rate and tachycardia were observed on general clinical
examination. Urinalysis reveled pale to dark yellow with cloudy to turbid in
appearance, normal specific gravity, proteinuria and occult blood, clinically relevant
pyuria and bacteriuria, increased numbers of epithelial cells. The most common
bacteria isolated from urine sample were E.coli followed by Proteus mirabilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococci spp. One isolate of
S. aureus was found to be biofilm positive with absorbance value of 1.4 fold times
more than mean absorbance value of control.
Ultrasonographically, thickness of the urinary bladder was the most common
feature. Hyperechoic particles in the urinary bladder, thickened kidney cortex,
hyperechoic kidney with reduced corticomedullary distinction and hyperechoic renal
pelvis and diffuse increase in echogenicity of prostatic parenchyma were also
observed. No changes were recorded in radiographic evaluation.
Haematobiochemical changes such as significantly increased ESR values,
total leucocyte count and neutrophils values, hypoalbuminemia, significantly lowered
A/G ratio and increased urea concentration and serum CRP were observed .The
present study revealed weak correlations of CRP concentration with WBC counts and
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neutrophil counts. No correlation was observed between CRP concentration and
albumin in dogs with UTIs. C-reactive protein concentrations were increased with
low serum albumin concentrations in many dogs. Strong correlation was observed
between CRP concentration and temperature of the dogs with UTIs. The percentage
of dogs remaining free from UTI after 10 days in group I and II were 100 and 92.85
respectively.
It was concluded that,
1. Clinical examination and urinalysis are the cornerstone for diagnosis of UTI in
dogs.
2. Ultrasonography is an effective non invasive diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of
UTI.
3. Haematobiochemical results will give some information regarding the degree of
infection.
4. Cefpodoxime was found to be more effective than levofloxacin to treat urinary
tract infections in dogs
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