Characterization of groundwater quality for irrigation in different blocks of district Bathinda
Loading...
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the groundwater quality of Bathinda district of Punjab, India for irrigation purpose. A total of 367 water samples were collected from the running tubewells from the seven blocks viz. Bhagta Bhai Ka, Phul, Nathana, Rampura, Goniana, Maur and Bathinda out of nine blocks of district Bathinda in June-July 2021. The geo-tagged groundwater samples were analysed for pH, EC, major ions and As. Based on these parameters, various water quality indices like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), %Na, magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), Kelly’s ratio (KR), CAI1, CAI2, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), r1, r2, corrosivity ratio (CR) and permeability index (PI) were also calculated. According to PAU classification of EC and RSC, in overall Bathinda district (based on seven blocks) as per EC, 58.3%, 37.1% and 4.6% of groundwater samples belong to fit, marginal and unfit category, respectively and as per RSC, 74.1%, 17.2% and 8.7% of samples belong to fit, marginal and unfit category, respectively. On the basis both EC and RSC together as per PAU classification 42.2%, 45.3% and 12.5% of samples are grouped under fit, marginal and unfit category, respectively for irrigation purpose in Bathinda district. Based on USSL (1954) classification, 4.1%, 60.8% and 34.6% of samples fall under C2, C3 and C4 category of EC; and 55.9%, 15.8%, and 28.3% of samples belong to fit, marginal and unfit category of RSC, respectively. In Wilcox diagram, most of the analysed samples fall under permissible to doubtful category and doubtful to unsuitable category and in USSL diagram, maximum groundwater samples fall under C3S2 and C4S3 category. The analysis's findings revealed that the groundwater samples fall in rock
dominance and evaporation zone as indicated by Gibbs diagram, Piper diagram shows that the maximum samples of the area fall in Na-Cl type of groundwater category, whereas, as per scatter diagrams, silicate weathering and direct ion exchange process was dominant in the area. The irrigation water quality maps based on USSL classification of EC, RSC, SAR and both EC and RSC together were prepared for seven blocks of district Bathinda with the help of GIS techniques. This study thus concludes that as the groundwater of studied area was varying in water quality, therefore periodic monitoring is required to assess the water quality for its long-term use in agricultural production.
Description
Keywords
Citation
Kirandeep Kaur (2022). Characterization of groundwater quality for irrigation in different blocks of district Bathinda (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.