Effect of sowing dates on growth, productivity and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars sown in springsummer season
Loading...
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important legume-oilseed crop which is widely
cultivated throughout world. It is a valuable source and a unique blend of oil, protein,
carbohydrates and minerals. Field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil during springsummer
season of 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of sowing dates on Spanish bunch type
cultivars in split plot design with 4 sowing dates (25 February, 10 March, 25 March and 10 April)
in main plots and 4 cultivars (SG 99, TG 37A, TAG 24 and J 87) in sub-plots in 3 replications.
With each delay in sowing from 25 February to 10 April, mean (pooled) numbers of days,
accumulated growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU) and photothermal units
(PTU) required for initiation and completion of emergence and flowering as well as maturity were
reduced. At 70 DAS, differences in number of nodules per plant among sowing dates were nonsignificant.
Leghaemoglobin content in nodules in 10 April sowing was significantly lower than
all earlier sowings. At maturity, dry matter accumulation and haulm yield were significantly
higher in 10 April than earlier sowings. Crop sown on 10 March produced highest mean pod
(5608 kg ha-1) and kernel (4109 kg ha-1) yield whereas highest oil (1876 kg ha-1) and protein (905
kg ha-1) yields registered in 25 February sowing. Kernels produced from 25 February sown crop
were bold in size with higher volume and surface area, had higher oil, protein and ash content and
lower total carbohydrate content as compared to other sowings. Milk yield was not affected by
sowing dates. Crop sown on 25 February registered higher protein content in milk and that on 10
April had higher sensory score as compared to other sowing dates. Crop sown on 10 March
registered highest and 10 April sown crop registered lowest gross income, net returns and B:C
ratio. Cultivar SG 99 took significantly more number of days for maturity and accumulated higher
GDD, HTU and PTU for attaining different phenological stages. At 40 and 70 DAS, cultivar TG
37A had significantly higher number of nodules as compared to other cultivars and J 87 had
higher leghaemoglobin content in nodules than SG 99 and TG 37A at 70 DAS. Cultivar J 87
produced highest mean haulm (8509 kg ha-1) as well as pod (5777 kg ha-1), kernel (4340 kg ha-1),
oil (1961 kg ha-1) and protein (920 kg ha-1) yield as compared to other cultivars. Cultivar J 87
sown on 25 February produced significantly highest mean pod (6735 kg ha-1) and kernel (5370 kg
ha-1) yields. Kernels of TG 37A were smaller in size with higher oil and total sugars while J 87
produced bold sized kernels with higher volume and surface area, hardiness, carbohydrate and ash
content and both J 87 and TG 37A had significantly higher reducing sugar content whereas, SG 99
had higher protein content as compared to other cultivars. Milk yield did not vary among cultivars.
Cultivar SG 99 registered significantly higher protein content in milk. Cultivar J 87 had higher
sensory score as compared to other cultivars. Highest income was accrued from cultivar J 87
whereas, TG 37A registered highest B:C ratio.
Description
Keywords
null