PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHOLE MILK WITH SOY MILK IN PRE-RUMINANT CALVES

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dc.contributor.advisorBiju Chacko
dc.contributor.authorFAHMIDA.V
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-23T08:22:16Z
dc.date.available2020-07-23T08:22:16Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractA study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of soy milk as milk replacer in pre-ruminant calves on the basis of growth performance and nutrient utilisation. Eighteen healthy crossbred calves of one to two weeks of age, were selected from the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC), Pookode. They were divided into three groups of six each, as uniformly as possible with regard to age, sex and body weight and randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments, T1, T2 and T3, with T1 being the control and T2 and T3 being the treatment groups and were fed as per ICAR (2013) feeding standards. Calves in group T1 were fed on whole milk alone, while those in T2 were fed on 75 per cent whole milk and 25 per cent soy milk and those in T3 were fed on 50 per cent whole milk and 50 per cent soy milk, on DM basis. Calves in all the three groups were fed with calf starter and ad libitum green grass, on DM basis On perusal of the data, it could be seen that the body weight and body measurements of calves fed on all three rations, T1, T2 and T3, increased linearly from the first fortnight onwards and was similar between treatments (P˃0.05). The average daily body weight gain of calves in groups T1, T2 and T3 were 0.21, 0.29 and 0.27 kg, respectively and were statistically similar (P˃0.05). The dry matter intake (DMI) of calves increased from the first fortnight onwards, with significant difference being observed from the second fortnight onwards in all the three groups, with the calves in T2 and T3 having significantly higher (P˂0.01) DMI than those in T1, with T2 and T3 being similar (P˃0.05) in DMI except in the sixth fortnight where T2 had a significantly higher DMI than T3 (P˂0.01). The average final daily DMI in groups T1, T2 and T3 was 1.35, 1.40 and 1.40 kg, respectively. These findings indicate that soy milk feeding stimulated calf appetite, which in turn resulted in increased calf starter intake and increased DMI. The data on DMI per 100 kg body weight and DMI per kg metabolic body weight were similar (P˂0.05) for calves in all the three groups. 75 The feed conversion efficiency of calves fed on three experimental rations, T1, T2 and T3 were 4.52, 3.44 and 3.25, respectively and similar (P˃0.05), with calves in groups T2 and T3 fed on soy milk at 25 and 50 per cent level having better feed efficiency than those in T1, fed on whole milk alone. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients such as DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE, NDF and ADF of calves fed on the experimental rations estimated from the digestion trial reveal that the digestibility coefficient of DM was significantly higher (P˂0.05) in T3 than T1 with T2 being similar (P˃0.05) to both T3 and T1. The CP digestibility was significantly higher (P<0.05) in calves fed on T1 than T2 and T3 with T2 and T3 being similar (P˃0.05). Digestibility coefficients of all other nutrients, viz; CF, EE, NFE, NDF and ADF were statistically similar (P˃0.05). Various haemato - biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin, plasma protein, plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum calcium and phosphorus were similar (P˃0.05) between the three treatment groups and were in normal range for calves. The cost per kg gain of calves in groups T1, T2 and T3 were Rs. 553.06, 412.43 and 366.45, respectively, with the lowest cost per kg gain observed in calves of group T3, followed by T2 and T1 in ascending order. A thorough evaluation of the results of the present investigation reveal that calves in groups T2 and T3 fed on soy milk at 25 and 50 per cent levels had a higher final body weight, increase in body weight and body measurements, average daily gain, significantly higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake, better feed conversion efficiency, higher dry matter digestibility (P<0.05) and lower cost per kg gain than those in T1 fed on whole milk alone, indicating that soy milk can be used to partially replace whole milk at 25 and 50 per cent levels, with 50 per cent being more economical. Such a replacement will help the farmers to rear calves economically by replacing the costly ingredient milk, without compromising on growth performance and nutrient utilisation of calvesen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810149707
dc.keywordsPARTIAL REPLACEMENT WHOLE MILK SOY MILK PRE-RUMINANT CALVESen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages85en_US
dc.publisherCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANADen_US
dc.research.problemPARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHOLE MILK WITH SOY MILK IN PRE-RUMINANT CALVESen_US
dc.subAnimal Nutritionen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themePARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHOLE MILK WITH SOY MILK IN PRE-RUMINANT CALVESen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titlePARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF WHOLE MILK WITH SOY MILK IN PRE-RUMINANT CALVESen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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