IN VIVO EFFICACY OF GARLIC AND CHITOSAN FOR CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN MEAT TYPE CHICKEN
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Date
2023-03-17
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, a major foodborne gastroenteritis in humans, is acquired primarily through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the most frequently reported thermophilic Campylobacter spp. The present study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in meat type breeds by conventional and molecular techniques and to assess the in vivo anticampylobacter
effect of garlic and chitosan in meat type chicken. A total of 120 cloacal swabs of different meat type breeds from the University Poultry and Duck Farm (UPDF), Mannuthy were subjected to isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. byconventional culture techniques. Isolates were confirmed by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for genus and species identification. The overall occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in the farm was 31.67 per cent with no significant difference in the occurrence in different meat type breeds. Of the isolates, 71.05 per cent were identified as C. jejuni and 28.95 per cent as C. coli. Two natural compounds viz., garlic [Fresh Garlic Extract (FGE) and Garlic Powder (GP)] and chitosan were analysed for in vitro anticampylobacter activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).The Standard strain C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and one of the confirmed C. jejuni isolate (wild strain) were found to be more susceptible to chitosan than garlic. In vivo study was undertaken in UPDF, Mannuthy with 78 day-old meat type chicks. Oral challenge was performed on the third day with the wild isolate of C. jejuni and six birds were randomly examined for Campylobacter colonisation, which revealed cent per cent colonisation on 20th day. Four treatments (groups of 12 birds) which included, T1-feed+ground fresh garlic, T2-feed+GP, T3-feed+chitosan, T4-feed+chitosan+GP, alongwith positive and negative controls, were initiated on 21st day. After first and second weeks of treatment, statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in Campylobacter count in all treatment groups with the lowest reduction in T3 group. None of the treatments could completely eliminate the organism. Histopathological examination showed degeneration and shortening of villi in the caeca and inflammatory changes in the liver. Antibiotics resistance profile of the isolates against 14 commonly usedantibiotics revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter and all the isolates showed complete resistance to cefotaxime. The Study highlighted the importance of preharvest strategies in farms along with strict biosecurity and hygienic measures to reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry.