Effect of water logging period at different crop growth stages on growth and yield of kharif maize
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Date
2020
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DRPCAU, Pusa
Abstract
The entitled experiment “Effect of water logging period on different growth stages of kharif maize” was conducted in student research farm at Dr. RPCAU, Pusa (Bihar). The experiment was laid in split plot design with three main plot treatments were crop growth stages and four sub-plot treatments were water logging period. The main plot treatments were 1) water logging at seedling stage, 2) water logging at knee high stage and 3) water logging at 50% tasseling stage and sub-plot treatments were 1) 6-hour water logging, 2) 12-hour water logging, 3) 18-hour water logging and 4) 24-hour water logging with three replication of each treatments. Water logging at different growth period and water logging period significantly affected the growth parameters, yield attributes, yields and economics of kharif maize. The growth parameters like plant height, dry matter production (g/plant) and crop growth stage (g/m2/day) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS and at harvest and LAI at 30 and 60 DAS were significantly affected by water logging at different growth stages. Water logging at seedling stage significantly decreased the all growth parameter as compared to 50% tasseling stage. Similarly, water logging period also significantly affected the plant height, dry matter production (g/plant) and crop growth stage (g/m2/day) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS and at harvest and LAI at 30 and 60 DAS. 24-hour water logging and 18-
hour water logging were statistically at par in relevance to growth parameters while, significantly reduced the growth parameters as compared to 6-hour water logging period. Yield attributes like number of cobs per plant, number of grains per cob, con length, cob girth and test weight of kharif maize was significantly affected by water logging. Seedling stage water logging significantly reduced the yield attributes as compared to knee-high stage water logging and 50% tasselling stage water logging. Similarly, increased water logging period significantly reduced the yield attributes. Minimum number of cobs per plant, number of grains per cob, con length, cob girth and test weight were observed under 24-hour water logging period which were statistically at par with 18-hour water logging period as compared to 6-hour and 12-hour water logging period. Grain yield, stover yield and stone yield were significantly reduced by water logging of kharif maize. Water logging at seedling stage significantly reduced the grain yield, stover yield and stone yield followed by water logging at knee-high stage as compared to water logging at 50% tasselling stage. Minimum grain yield, stover yield and stone yield (44.62, 59.20 and 12.69 q/ha) was recorded under water logging at seedling stage as compared to water logging % tasseling stage (54.04, 74.80 and 16.03 q/ha). Similarly, 24-hour and 18-hour water logging duration significantly reduced the grain yield, stover yield and stone yield (41.32, 58.38 and 12.72 q/ha) as compared to 6-hour water logging period (56.36, 75.13 and 16.12 q/ha). Harvest index of kharif maize was not affected by water logging at different stages and water logging period. The economics like gross return, net return and B:C ratio also significantly reduced by water logging. Minimum gross return, net return and B:C ratio (84444, 41209 `/ha and 0.95) were recorded under water logging at seedling stage compared to water logging at 50% tasselling stage (102581, 57474 `/ha and 1.27). Across the water logging period 24-hour water logging obtained minimum values of gross return, net return and B:C ratio (78555, 34696 `/ha and 0.79) fb 18-hour (90425, 46566 `/ha and 1.06) as compared to 6-hour water logging period (106715, 62856 `/ha and 1.43). Water use efficiency of kharif maize was affected significantly by water logging.