Maximizing rice yield through agronomic interventions and its effect on system productivity, quality and soil health in rice-wheat cropping system
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled ―Maximizing rice yield through agronomic interventions and its effect on
system productivity, quality and soil health in rice-wheat cropping system‖ was carried out for two
consecutive years during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at two locations viz. Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana and Research Station, Dyal Bharang, Amritsar. The soil at Ludhiana was Loamy sand and soil of
Dyal Bharang was Clayey loam in texture and Low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and
medium in potassium. The two experiments, were laid in split plot design, with four replications. First
experiment consisting of four main plot treatments of rice i.e. dates of transplanting (25th June and 10th July)
and crop geometry (25 cm x 15 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm) and four sub plot treatments i.e. age of seedlings (3
week, 4 week, 5 week and 6 week old seedlings). Whereas, in second experiment, In rice, four main plot
treatments were (green manuring (GM), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and control
(NA)). Four subplot treatments were (control (N0), 50 kg N ha-1 (N50), 75 kg N ha-1 (N75) and 100 kg
N ha-1 (N100)). In wheat, residual effect of organic amendments and nitrogen levels applied to preceding rice
was evaluated. The results revealed that growth and productivity of short duration rice crop were improved
by transplanting younger seedlings (3 and 4 weeks) as compared to the older ones (6 week). Transplanting
of rice at 25th June and 10th July with 20x15 cm crop geometry produce better growth, yield attributes and
yield as compared to 15x15 cm crop geometry. Rice transplanted on 10th July contributed to lesser water
consumption than that of transplanting on 25th June and saved (12.5 percent, 10.5 percent) irrigation water
during 2018 and 2019, respectively without any reduction in yield. Application of PM in rice helped to
increase grain yield by 65.32% and 61.35% over NA followed by GM and FYM which helped to increase
yield 60.93, 56.06 % and 55.26, 53.72 % over NA during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Integration of PM
with 100 kg N ha-1 was recorded higher yield, which was at par with 75 kg N ha-1 and significantly better
than 50 kg N ha-1 and control. The soil properties like OC, BD, available NPK, nutrient uptake,
micronutrient content, infiltration rate improved under PM followed by FYM and GM with increased
nitrogen doses. After the end of experiment, total microbial count, DHA, APA and BSR significantly
increased with increasing nitrogen doses such as N100 as well as N75 combined with the application of PM
followed by GM and FYM at both locations. System productivity and N-use efficiency significantly
influence the application of different amendments and nitrogen levels in rice-wheat cropping system.
Milling quality, L:B were found significantly higher with PM followed by GM and FYM. N100 recorded
better milling quality which was at par with N75. Physical and chemical grain characteristics of wheat were
recorded higher in PM which was significantly superior than GM and FYM. Highest REY was recorded
with poultry manure being higher than those found in other treatments. The highest energy use efficiency of
rice was recorded with green manure as compared to other treatments. In wheat crop, residual effect of
poultry manure recorded the highest energy use efficiency. Poultry manure and N100 registered significantly
the highest economic parameters and system productivity for both rice and wheat crops compared rest of the
organic treatments.
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Citation
Prabhjit Kaur (2021). Maximizing rice yield through agronomic interventions and its effect on system productivity, quality and soil health in rice-wheat cropping system (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.