Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in Ludhiana district of Punjab state
| dc.contributor.advisor | Harpreet Kaur | |
| dc.contributor.author | Karmjeet Kaur | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-03-29T09:41:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-03-29T09:41:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.description.abstract | A total random sample size of 880 subjects in the age group of ≥20 years representing rural and urban area Ludhiana district were selected to determine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes. A well-structured questionnaire-cum interview schedule was developed to elicit the general information, anthropometric status, socio-economic status, food habits, family history of diabetes and physical activity pattern of the subjects. The results showed that out of 880 total subjects, prevalence rate of diabetes was significantly higher among urban subjects (45 per cent) as compared to rural subjects (38 per cent). Significantly higher percentage of urban men had diabetes (51 per cent) as compared to rural men (37 per cent) whereas 39% rural and 38% urban women were found to be diabetic. Mean fasting blood glucose level of urban men (140.57mg/dl) and rural women (136.85mg/dl) was found to be significantly (p≤0.01) higher as compared to rural men (135.22mg/dl) and urban women (132.11 mg/dl). The mean body weight, waist/hip circumference and body mass index (BMI) of rural and urban diabetic men and women was significantly higher (p≤0.01) as compared to rural and urban non diabetic subjects. While distribution of subjects on the basis of different levels of blood glucose, it was observed that mean age of diabetic group was significantly (p≤0.01) higher (52 yr) as compared to normal blood glucose group (49 yr) and impaired fasting blood glucose group (50 yr). It was also found that mean weight of the impaired fasting blood glucose group (71 kg) and diabetic group (73.27 kg) was significantly (p≤0.01) higher as compared to weight of the normal blood glucose group (65.90 kg). Further it was observed that mean waist circumference of diabetic (100.97 cm) and impaired fasting glucose group (97.87 cm) was significantly higher than the mean values of normal blood glucose group (93.82cm). It was also observed that the mean body mass index of the diabetic group (25.26 kg/m2) and impaired fasting glucose group (25.94 kg/m2) was significantly higher than the mean body mass index of normal blood glucose group (24.07 kg/m2). It was observed that majority of the subjects rural (59 per cent men, 67 per cent women) as well as urban (68 per cent men, 78 per cent women) did not have any kind of diet restriction of sweet, sugary products or refined flour products in everyday life so they were eating everything without any restriction. On the basis of IDRS, It was identified that majority of the rural (64%) and urban (69%) subjects were at high risk of developing diabetes while 35 % rural and 30 % urban subjects were at moderate risk of developing diabetes (IDRS). It was observed that the risk of diabetes increases with the age. It was found that 54% females were at high risk of diabetes. It could be due to the fact that 63% women were not involved in any exercise and were living sedentary lifestyle and nearly 58% of them had high abdominal obesity. Similarly 45% men were at high risk of diabetes due to lack of exercise (17%) and high abdominal obesity (36%). Teaching module was developed for diabetics and its efficacy was assessed in terms of dietary adequacy and anthropometric parameters. A significant increase (p≤0.01) in intake of pulses, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables and fruits and a significant decrease in (p≤0.01) in roots and tubers and a non significant decrease in the intake of cereals, sugar and jaggery was observed in rural and urban experimental groups. A significant increase was observed in the intake of protein, ß-carotene, calcium and total dietary fiber in rural and urban experimental groups. There was a significant increase (p≤0.01) in knowledge, attitude and practice scores obtained by the rural and urban experimental group. Hence, it is recommended that individuals who have or not have diabetes should be motivated through counseling to keep themselves physically active to maintain their body weight, waist/hip circumference and BMI in normal/ reference range. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810099870 | |
| dc.keywords | Indian Diabetes Risk Score, nutritional counseling prevalence, risk factors, Type 2 diabetes | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 129 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana | en_US |
| dc.research.problem | Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in Ludhiana district of Punjab state | en_US |
| dc.sub | Food and Nutrition | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in Ludhiana district of Punjab state | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in Ludhiana district of Punjab state | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |