SURVEILLANCE, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRYCOWS OF PADDY CULTIVATED AREA OF KHEDA DISTRICT

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dc.contributor.advisorJani, R. G.
dc.contributor.authorPAREKH, RAKESHKUMAR H.
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-21T09:45:20Z
dc.date.available2018-05-21T09:45:20Z
dc.date.issued2004
dc.description.abstractAmongst the domestic farm animals, the metabolic diseases achieve their greatest importance in dairy cows.The variation in input of feed , abnormaility of internal environment and change in intake and secretion reflects as the outcome of subdued subclinical or clinical manifestations of metabolic diseases. In many instances, the existences of such problems reflect the abnormalities in the organic composition of crops and of the soils upon which these crops are cultivated Animals fed on such deficient fodder and fieds are likely to show deficiency syndromes . Kheda is one of the district of Charotar region where paddy growing is the main and major crops of some talukas. .The study was undertaken in 300 non-supplemented indigenous( 60)and mineral mixture supplemented cross bred dairy cows (240) of four talukas, i.e Matar (81), Petalad (75), Tarapur (70) and Khambhat(74). The cows were classified as heifer( 24), non pregnant- non milking (66), non pregnant- milking (142), pregnant- non milking(36) and pregnant- milking (32). The mean calcium levels in indigenous cows was observed as 7.405 ± 0.204 mg/dl, whereas, in crossbreed cows the level was 7.233 ± 0.100 mg/dl. The difference between the two groups was found statistically non-significant. The mean plasma inorganic phosphorus levels in indigenous cows was found 7.588 ± 0.303 mg/dl which was significantly(P<0.05) lower than the levels in crossbreed cows, which was 8.584 ± 0.149 mg/dl. The mean Ca: P ratio for the indigenous and crossbreed cows was 1.127 ± 0.682 and 0.967 ± 0.033, respectively, which differed significantly. The mean plasma calcium levels for indigenous cows of Matar, Petlad, Tarapur and Khambhat were 7.495±0.366, 7.282 ±0.194, 7.467 ±0.388, and 7.377+ 0.401 mg/dl. respectively. Non significant differences were evident from the above findings. The mean plasma calcium levels for crossbreed cows in above talukas were 7.388±0.195, 7.128±0.194, 6.891 ±0.211, and 7.435+ 0.202 mg/dl respectively which did not differed significantly. The mean plasma inorganic phosphorus levels for indigenous cows represented 7.131±0.682,7.557+0.766,7.665+0.589,7.878+0.534 whereas for crossbreed cows 8.226+0.306, 8.069+0.292, 8.749±0.303 and 9.145+0.258 mg/dl respectively which differed statistically significant (P<0.05) between indigenous and crossbred cow groups. The mean Ca: P ratio for indigenous and cross bred cows of the various talukas revealed non-significant(P<0.05) difference .There were non significant(P<0.05) differences within and between the indigenous non-supplemented and crossbreed supplemented groups of the different cow classes were observed when the data for plasma calcium levels ,inorganic phosphorus and Ca:P ratio were analysed .The mean plasma calcium level in indigenous and crossbreed hypocalcemic cows were 6.628+0.100 and 6.513+0.052, mg/ dl respectively, which was non significant(P<0.05) between the two groups where as the mean plasma inorganic phosphorous and Ca: P ratio in indigenous and crossbreed hypocalcemic cows were 7.875+0.398 and 9.210+0.149 mg/dl respectively which differed significantly(P<0.05). In the indigenous cows the mean plasma inorganic phosphorus levels were 6.387+0.175 mg/dl for normophosphatemic cows, 3.754+ 0.279 mg/dl for marginally and 2.820+0.838 mg/dl for moderately hypophosphatemic cows, where as overall 3.661+0.100 mg/dl and 9.956+0.161 mg/dl in hyperphosphatemic cows. In the crossbreed cows, the values-were 6.369+ 0.102 mg/dl for normophosphatemic cows, 3.661+0.21, and 2.85+0.838 mg/dl for marginally and moderately hypophosphate cows,, whereas the values for overall hypophosphatemic were 3.612+0.067 and hyperphosphatemic cows were 9.991+0.067 mg/dl. The mean plasma inorganic phosphorus level did not differ significantly(P<0.05) between indigenous and crossbreed cows from their respective sub-groups where as the prevalence of hypophosphatemia in indigenous and crossbreed cows which was observed 16.70 per cent and 7.10 per cent respectively. The prevalence of hypocalcemia in indigenous cow classes of heifers, non- pregnant non-milking, non-pregnant milking,pregnant non-milking and pregnant milking as 2 per cent, 2.66 per cent, 5.66 per cent, 2.66 per cent and 2 per cent respectively; where as the prevalence of hypocalcemia in crossbreed cow classes heifers, non- pregnant non-milking, non-pregnant milking,pregnant non-milking and pregnant milking were 4 per cent, 13.66 per cent, 31.66 per cent,7.33 per cent and 6 per cent respectively. 25 per cent of the indigenous and 22 per cent cross bred cows revealed normo-calcemic status where as total 75 and 77.90 per cent indigenous and cross bred cows were in hypocalcemic status of which 63.30 and 58.30 per cent were flirther grouped as marginal hypo calcemic indigenous and cross bred cows. 11.70 and 19.60 per cent indigenous and cross bred cows were under moderate hypocalcemic stage. There was no group of cows grouped under hypercalcemia in both group of cows. The prevalence of overall hypo-calcemia in the indigenous and crossbreed cow was 75.0 per cent and 77.90 per cent respectively. Over all 38.30 per cent and 27.90 per cent indigenous cows and cross bred cows revealed normophosphatemic.The prevalence of overall hypophosphatemia in the indigenous and crossbreed cow revealed 16.70 per cent and 7.10 per cent respectively and the prevalence of hyper phosphatemia was observed 45 per cent and 65 per cent in cross bred cows. The overall percentage of hypo-calcemia in Matar taluka was high as 77.8 per cent in indigenous cow class where as it was 79.7 per cent in Petlad taluka cross bred cows. The prevalence of hyperphosphatemia was found high as 60.30 per cent, 54.70 per cent, 72.20 per cent and 74.60 per cent in Matar, Petlad, Tarapur and Khambhat taluka respectively. The overall prevalence of hypo-calcemia revealed 75.0 per cent, 72.7 per cent, 81.0 per cent, 80.0 per cent, and 60.0 per cent in heifers, non pregnant-non milking, non pregnant-milking, pregnant - non milking and pregnant-milking classes respectively. The overall prevalence of hypo-calcemia was observed as 75.0 per cent, 74.0 per cent, 78.5 per cent, 80.8 per cent, 81.81 per cent, in heifers, non pregnant- non milking, non pregnant-milking , pregnant 7 non milking and pregnant-milking classes of cross bred cows respectively.The overall prevalence of hypophosphatemia was recorded as 37.50 per cent, 18.20 per cent, 23.80 per cent, in heifers, non pregnant- non milking, non pregnant-milking respectively. Whereas the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia was 25 per cent, 36.4 per cent, 42.9 per cent. 60 per cent, and 60 per cent respectively. The rapid visual field diagnostic test was compared with spectrophotometic value which indicated accurate sensitivity and specificity for phosphorous estimation at field level. The rapid test is easy to perform without help of any laboratory equipment and could prove to be a boon to the field workers for screening large number of animals. The rapid diagnostic test for hypocalcemia did not revealed much specific outcome and accuracy in the present study as the clotting time in different cows varies hence not very widely usefulness at field level. The therapeutic trials with sodium acid phosphate (Urimin) in cases of hypophosphatemia in bovines revealed post-treatment elevation in the phosphorus levels even on 3rd and 5th day. However, considering the endemic prevalence of hypophosphatemia in non paddy cultivated areas of Kheda region, the intramuscular administration of Sodium Acid Phosphate salt 40.3 % W/V may not be cost effective on and a practical solution in all cases. It is very much essential to adopt a community' based and farmer friendly solution to tackle this problem by several other ways, where as oral ionic active calcium gel (Calup gel) was also used in moderately hypocalcemic cows of non pregnant -milking cross bred cow groups which represnted good response. In the present study, the fast absorption of the ionic calcium with in 6 hours and there by maintenance of active calcium status at 24 and 48 hours post therapy in treated group indicated the usefulness of such therapy similar like intravenous calcium therapy which suggested the practical utility' at field level to reduce the prevalence rate of metabolic disorders. The results of the present study reiterates the point that farmer counselling would be a key to tackle the root cause of the problem. Such a counselling would gather more mileage than mere therapeutic approaches to treat clinical cases individually. The farmers should be made aware of the nutrient requirements of the cattle to gain optimum production. Therefore, adequate supplementation of essential minerals through a complete diet should be encouraged to tackle the problem in the Kheda district.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810046922
dc.keywordsSURVEILLANCE, DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA, HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRYCOWS, PADDY CULTIVATED AREA, KHEDA DISTRICTen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAAU, Ananden_US
dc.research.problemSURVEILLANCE, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRYCOWS OF PADDY CULTIVATED AREA OF KHEDA DISTRICTen_US
dc.subVeterinary Medicineen_US
dc.subjectVETERINARY MEDICINEen_US
dc.subjectA STUDYen_US
dc.themeSURVEILLANCE, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRYCOWS OF PADDY CULTIVATED AREA OF KHEDA DISTRICTen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titleSURVEILLANCE, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRYCOWS OF PADDY CULTIVATED AREA OF KHEDA DISTRICTen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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