Delineation of thermal requirements of maize (Zea mays L.) in different sowing windows
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Climate change has a detrimental effect on maize productivity mostly temperature and
precipitation have opposite impacts on maize yield. The present study entitled “Delineation of
thermal requirements of maize (Zea mays L.) in different sowing windows” was carried out
during Kharif season 2020-21 at research farm PAU to assess the impact of climate change.
The experiment was conducted with two maize varieties (PMH1 and PMH2) under four dates
of sowing dates (25th May, 5th June, 15th June and 25th June). In field experiment, maximum
calendar days (92), accumulated growing degree days (1936.2) and grain yield (50.0 q ha-1)
were recorded for 25th May sown crop. Results of trend analysis recorded highest rate of
increase in AGDD in Patiala (14.81℃ day year-1 and highest rate of increase in HUE in
Ludhiana (0.046 kg ha-1 ℃ day year-1). In the whole state, to complete different phenological
stages during different pentads under four sowing windows, the highest heat units were
accumulated by the crop at Muktsar during period P1 (1991-1995) to P6 (2016-2020). The
lowest heat units were accumulated by S.B.S. Nagar from pentad P1 (1991-1995) to P6
(2016-2020). During future time series under four sowing windows, the highest heat units will
be accumulated at S.B.S. Nagar during period F1 (2021-2025) to F6 (2046-2050) and the
lowest heat units will be accumulated by Hoshiarpur from pentad F1 (2021-2025) to F6
(2046-2050). Spatio-temporal interpolation of variability of thermal requirements of maize in
different districts of Punjab had been demarcated using geo-spatial technology. The results
showed that growing degree day accumulation had increased in all the districts of Punjab
from 1991-2020. Pentad wise analysis revealed that under all sowing windows, maximum
variability in HUE was observed during P5 (2011-2015) and minimum during P1 (19911995).
The Mann-Kendall test results revealed that long term (1991-2020) decadal variability
showed the highest significant increase in heat unit accumulation in Fatehgarh Sahib @
33.05°C year-1 and significant decrease in heat unit accumulation in Faridkot @ -19.4°C year-1
during 2011-2020 under sowing window II. The study concluded that increasing pattern of
thermal requirements warns about more warming scenarios in future and thus, creating a
strong need to develop region specific climate smart adaptation strategies.
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Citation
Bhowmik, Manjima (2021). Delineation of thermal requirements of maize (Zea mays L.) in different sowing windows (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.