Effect of processing and enzyme supplementation in pearl millet based broiler diets
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of processing and enzyme supplementation in pearl millet based broiler diets. Four hundred commercial broiler chicks in ten treatments in experiment-1 and four hundred forty broiler chicks in eleven treatments in experiment-2 were randomly distributed with two replicates of twenty birds each. Ration containing 52 percent maize was formulated to be used as control (T1) during starter phase (0 - 4 week) while 66 percent maize was used during finisher phase (4 - 6 week). The other rations were: T2- 66% maize replaced with pearl millet, T3 - 100% maize replaced with pearl millet, T4- T1 + multi-enzyme, T5 - T2 + multi-enzyme, T6- T3 + multi-enzyme, T7 - 66% maize replaced with reconstituted pearl millet, T8- 100% maize replaced with reconstituted pearl millet, T9 - T7 + multi-enzyme and T10- T8 + multi-enzyme for experiment-1. In experiment-2 all the diets were in pelleted form except T1 which was in mash form as under experiment-1, T2 Control - maize based ration, T3 - T2 + multi-enzyme, T4 - 66% maize replaced with pearl millet, T5- 100% maize replaced with pearl millet, T6 - T4 + multi-enzyme, T7 - T5 + multi-enzyme, T8 - 66% maize replaced with reconstituted pearl millet, T9 - 100% maize replaced with reconstituted pearl millet, T10 - T8 + multi-enzyme and T11 - T9 + multi-enzyme. In experiment-I significantly higher body weight gain, better FCR and higher performance index were observed at 66 percent pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet based diets. Similar feed intake was observed in 66 and 100 percent pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet with or without enzyme supplementation. Non-significant differences were observed in protein efficiency in all the treatments. Dry matter retention significantly increased when pearl millet was incorporated at 66 percent level and reconstituted pearl millet at 66 and 100 percent level. The significantly higher nitrogen retention was observed in pearl millet based ration. Significant difference in gross energy metabolizability was observed in pearl millet based diet. The excreta moisture was significantly higher in treatments T2, T3, T6, T7, T8, T9 and T10. The intestinal viscosity, dressed yield, eviscerated yield, drawn yield, giblet yield, thigh muscle and breast muscle composition, weight (% live weight) of liver, heart and gizzard were non-significant in various treatments.
In experiment-II, significantly higher body weight gain in all the pearl millet based diets (except T5) as compared to T1 were observed. But when compared to T2 significantly higher body weight gain was observed in 66 percent pearl millet based diet (with or without enzyme) for overall period. Significantly lower feed intake was observed in pearl millet based pelleted feed as compared to T1 (control). Feed intake in pearl millet based pelleted diet without or with enzyme supplementation did not differ significantly as compared to T2 (control) except T8 for overall growth period. Significantly better feed conversion ratio was observed in T4, T6, T8 and T10. Pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet with or without enzymes at 66 percent level had significantly better performance index. Significantly higher protein efficiency in 66 percent pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet with or without enzyme supplementation and non-significant at 100 percent pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet based diet with or without enzymes were observed. The pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet pelleted broiler ration had significantly higher dry matter retention as compared to T2 except 100 percent reconstituted pearl millet based diets (T9 and T11) with or without enzyme supplementation. Nitrogen retention was significantly higher in pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet based diet with or without enzyme supplementation (except T5 and T7) as compared to maize based pelleted feed (T2). There was a significant difference in gross energy metabolizability in pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet based diet without or with enzyme supplements as compared to T2. Significantly higher excreta moisture was observed in T5, T7 and T9 as compared to T2. The intestinal viscosity, dressed yield, eviscerated yield, drawn yield, giblet yield, thigh muscle and breast muscle composition, weight (% live weight) of liver, heart and gizzard were non-significant in various treatments. The relative profit was higher in pearl millet and reconstituted pearl millet based diet than maize based diet.