PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
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Date
2010-07-10
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
The present study focused on developing a protocol, separation of compounds by
chromatographic technique and screening antimicrobial compounds from selected
medicinal and aromatic plants. Antimicrobial compounds from two medicinal (Lantana
camara and Chromolaena odorata) and two aromatic (Pogostemon patchouli and
Rosmarinus officinalis) plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four
bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia
sp.) and two test fungi (Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum). Plants were
extracted with different polar (ethanol and ether) and non-polar (chloroform and hexane)
solvents. TLC profiling of all the plant extracts in different solvent system indicated the
presence of different groups of phytochemicals in these plants. Terpenes, phenolic acids
and flavonoids were found to be present in the biomass extracts of the plants used and the
Rf values ranged between 0.3 to 0.95 for these compounds. Terpenes, phenolic acids and
flavonoid compounds were effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Flavonoids from Lantana camara (Lantana) of ethanol extract were highly active against
Fusarium oxysporum and phenolic acid group of compounds from chloroform extract of
Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) highly inhibited Xanthomonas campestris.
Compounds from plant extracts showed highest activity against plant pathogens tested.
Ethanol solvent was found to be better solvent for purifying the compounds followed by
the solvent chloroform and ether. Hexane solvent was found ineffective in dissolving and
separation of compounds.
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