EFFECT OF PUDDLING INTENSITY, IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2008
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
Abstract
An experiment entitled "Effect of puddling intensity, irrigation scheduling and nutrient sources on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice-wheat cropping system" was conducted at the research farm, FOA, Main campus, Chatha of SKUAST-Jammu during kharif and rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07, respectively. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH-7.4), low in organic carbon (0.46 percent), low in available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorous and potassium. Rice variety PC-19 sown in nursery @ 40 Kg/ha was transplanted, where as wheat variety PBW-343 was sown after the harvest of rice, using 100 Kg seed ha<sup>-1</sup>. The experiment comprises of 36 treatment combinations was laid out in split plot design consisting of three puddling intensity (Normal practice, 2 times puddling and 3 times puddling), three levels of irrigation scheduling (2 DADPW, 4DADPW and SMP at 150 cm suction) in main plots and four nutrient sources (Vermicompost 3t/ha+inorganic fertilizer, Vermicompost @ 6t/ha, FYM+inorganic fertilizer (50% each) and N, P and K recommend through inorganic fertilizer) in sub plots. The treatments were randomized and replicated
thrice. During rabi season the wheat crop was sown as blanket crop for studying the residual effect of the treatments applied in rice Recommended dose of fertilizer i.e. N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O were applied as per the treatments in rice, where as in succeeding wheat crop 100 kg N/ha, 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha and 60 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ha were applied. The N in case of inorganic fertilizer was applied in three splits, while P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O and N through organic source were applied as basal. Application of three times puddling intensity produced significant increase in yield attributes of rice (No. of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of panicles/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of grains/panicles and grain weight/panicles, profile soil moisture and water expense efficiency), which concomitantly increased the grain and straw yield of rice during both the year of experimentation significantly over normal practice and 2 times puddling. However, the plots received 3 times puddling, percolation rate of water was found to be decreased significantly than normal practice and 2 times puddling. Among the irrigation scheduling SMP at 150 cm suction significantly increased the plant height (g), dry matter (g/m<sup>2</sup>), No. of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of panicles/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of grains/panicles, grain weight/panicles, grain yield, straw yield, N,P,K uptake and water expense efficiency of rice over 4 DADPW and 2 DADPW.
However, under nutrient sources the N, P and K at recommended dose applied through inorganic fertilizer produced significantly taller plant, increased dry matter (g/m<sup>2</sup>). No. of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of panicles/m<sup>2</sup>, No. of grains/panicles, grain weight/panicles, grain yield, straw yield, N,P,K uptake and water expense efficiency of rice over the application of vermicompost @ 3t/ha+inorganic fertilizer, vermicompost @ 6t/ha and FYM-i-inorganic fertilizer during 2005-06, where as during 2006-07 alone application of vermicompost @ 6t/ha was found to produced significant influence on growth, yield attributes, grain yield and N, P, K uptake of rice. Apart from this alone application of vermicompost @ 6t/ha not only decreased the percolation rate of water but also showed increasing trend towards water expense efficiency and profile soil moisture. The positive significant correlation were observed between grain yield and No. of tillers/m<sup>2</sup>, 1000- grain weight, N, P and K uptake, where as negative correlation was obtained with the percolation rate of water (cm/day). Residual effect of nutrient sources noticed on of succeeding wheat crop, revealed that the application of vermicompost @ 6t/ha gave significant increase in grain and straw yield of wheat over vermicompost applied @ 3t/ha+inorganic fertilizer, FYM+inorganic fertilizer and recommended application of N, P and K through inorganic fertilizers. The interaction effect between puddling intensity (3 times puddling) irrigation scheduling (SMP at 150 cm suction), puddling intensity (3 times puddling) and nutrient sources (vermicompost @ 6 t/ha) was found to be significant in realizing the grain yield of rice. It is therefore, concluded that the application of three times puddling, irrigation SMP at 150 cm suction and vermicompost @ 6t/ha not only increased the yield and yield attributes of rice but also produced the highest water expense efficiency, besides decreased the percolation losses. The residual effect of nutrient sources with application of vermicompost @ 6 t/ha improved the yield of wheat significantly.
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