Genetic analysis for morphological and quality traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
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Date
2024
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a self-pollinated crop. The research work was carried out on genetic diversity and inter-relationship in a collection of 132 field pea germplasm accessions along with five checks viz., HFP529, IPFD12-2, P243, P14, HFP8909. The study was done on 14 morphological and 2 biochemical parameters. The diversification in the germplasm was analysed with the help of 119 SSR primers. The research was done at Experimental Field Area, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi, 2022-23. ANOVA and correlation analysis revealed considerable extent of diversity, and the association among different parameters. Most of the morphological and biochemical parameters showed significant differences in mean values viz., days to 50% flowering ranged from 57 days to 103 days, plant height 15.38 cm to 169.08 cm, seeds per pod 2.53 to 6.93, pods per plant 2.37 to 29.97, days to maturity 80 days to 138 days, 100-seed weight 3.33 g to 31.91 g, biological yield per plant 21.91g to 59.06 g, seed yield per plant 1.25 g and 25.95 g, crude protein 13.53 % to 36.51 % and starch 27.97 % to 50.87 %. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all the traits was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) which signified the presence of environmental variation to some extent in the phenotypic expression. Plant height had the highest values of PCV (53.72) and GCV (52.84). Highest broad sense heritability H2 (99.31%) and (96.71%) was estimated for biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant, respectively. Highest Genetic Advance (69.32) was recorded for plant height. Correlation analysis showed high significant positive correlation among different important morphological and biochemical parameters i.e., seed yield per plant showed significant and positive correlation with biological yield per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod width, days to maturity, pod length, number of primary branches per plant, seed diameter, pod weight, starch % and 100-seed weight. In present study, total of 29 SSR primers out of 119 SSR primers showed 24.36 % of polymorphism and amplified a total of 87 alleles with an average of 3.39 alleles per primer in a size range of 150–450 bp. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.63. The dissimilarity matrix values for allelic data ranged from 0.29 to 0.95 with mean value of 0.62 thus exhibiting enormous diversity. Genetic relationship inferred from a neighbour-joining tree separated accessions into 3 groups i.e., A, B and C. Cluster ‘A’ comprised of 5 germplasm accessions. Cluster B formed the major cluster comprising of 87 germplasm accessions and was divided into two main sub-clusters B1 and B2. Sub-cluster B1 comprised of 47 germplasm accessions and sub-cluster B2 comprised of 40 germplasm accessions. Maximum of these were indigenous collection (IC) and was further divided into sub-clusters. Cluster C had 45 germplasm accessions and majority of them were exotic collection (EC). Our investigation successfully grouped germplasm accessions with similar backgrounds into distinct clusters. Thus, the amount of diversity observed during the experiment can be beneficially exploited in breeding programmes by direct selection or by using them donor parents in hybridization programmes.
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Manavpreet Singh (2024). Genetic analysis for morphological and quality traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.