ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF FRESH WATER CULTURED FISH IN ODISHA AND BIHAR
| dc.contributor.advisor | SINGH, K. M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | DAS, ANKITA | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-02-14T07:09:57Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-02-14T07:09:57Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The fisheries sector plays an important role in India's economic development and contributes to national income, export, food and nutritional security and employment generation. The fisheries sector contributed about 1.24% to the nation's total gross value added (GVA) and shared about 7.28% of the GVA of the agricultural sector during 2020-21. Keeping in view the importance of this sector, the present study was conducted in the state of Odisha and Bihar to assess the comparative economics of fish production and marketing and to identify the constraints fish farmers face in the production and marketing of fish of both states. Odisha is one of the major fish-producing states in India and ranks 4th in total production. The total amount of fish produced in 2019-20 was 8.16 lakh tonnes, and the per capita fish consumption was about 16.2 kg. While Bihar has been blessed with freshwater reservoirs as a natural gift, and a notable compound annual growth of 6.38% from 2015-16 to 2019-20 was observed in fish production. During 2020-21 fish production in Bihar was recorded to be 7.62 lakh tonnes. The study was based on primary data, and the total number of respondents was 120 fish farmers. Based on analysis of the socio-economic status of the fish farmers in the study areas of both states, the study's findings reflected that in the age-wise distribution of fish farmers, most were middle-aged farmers in both states. In the case of caste-wise distribution majority of farmers were from the general category (51.67%) in the study area of Odisha. In contrast, in the study area of Bihar, it was noticed that the majority (98.33%) of fish farmers were from the OBC category, which was Shahani (A Fishermen community). The education level-wise distribution of fish farmers indicated that there was 100% literacy in the study area of Odisha, while in Bihar, it was 80%. The analysis of occupations revealed that fish farming in Odisha was the secondary occupation of most respondents, i.e. 65.00% and 11.67% of respondents were doing fish farming as their primary occupation. However, in the study area in Bihar, it was noticed that the majority of the farmers, i.e. 76.67% had fish farming as their primary occupation as most of the fish farmers belonged to the fishermen community (Shahani), and it was their ancestral occupation. Based on pond size-wise distribution, it was found that about 40.00% of respondents from Odisha had large ponds. In contrast, in the study area of Bihar, 51.67% of fish farmers had medium size ponds, and most of them leased in ponds by the government and local bodies or landlords. The cost of fish production was calculated for one hectare of the pond, and it was found that per hectare, the average cost of fish production in the study area of Odisha was estimated to be Rs. 346943.45 in which Rs. 208582.74 was variable cost and Rs.138360.71 fixed cost. In the study area of Bihar, the per hectare production of fish for an average pond size was estimated to be Rs. 318445.47, in which expenses incurred on variable cost components were Rs 188061.82 and fixed cost expenses Rs. 130383.64. On average, per hectare, fish production in the study area of Odisha from all ponds was estimated to be 45.69 quintals. Furthermore, from Bihar, it was 35.67 quintals per hectare. Regarding profitability, it was observed in the study area of Odisha that the average gross and net returns for all the ponds were computed to be Rs.717763.06 and Rs.370819.61. In Bihar's study area, the average gross and net returns for all the ponds were estimated to be Rs.540352.02 and R. 221906.55 per hectare, respectively. When the different cost components of fish production were analyzed, it revealed that in the study area of Odisha, the major cost incurred on feed was followed by human labour. In the study area of Bihar, the major cost contributor was the rent paid for leased-in ponds, then the cost of feed. The analysis further revealed that in the study area of Odisha, per hectare gross income, on average, for all ponds was worked out to be Rs. 717763.06, and in the study area of Bihar, it was Rs370819.6. The ratio measures revealed that in the study area of Odisha, the return on investment was the highest in a large pond (116.87%). The return on investment was lowest in the medium pond, 98.88% in the case of the study area of Bihar. A finding based on the marketing of fish revealed that channel-III (Producer -Wholesaler Retailer/vendor-Consumers) was the most important channel through which a comparatively high proportion (33.18%) of fish was marketed in the study area of Odisha. It was also noticed that operators of small ponds sold a sizeable amount of their produce through a shorter channel, i.e. channel-I (Channel-I: Producer- consumer). The findings of the price spread revealed that producers received Rs. 15600.00 per quintal of fish in each of the channels studied.The consumers' price was found to be comparatively high in channel-II (Rs. 21260.20/q), followed by channel-IV (Rs. 21130.97/q), channel-III (17747.00/q) and channel-I (16200.00/q). The producer's share in consumer's rupee was estimated to be comparatively high in channel-I (96.29%), followed by channel-III (87.90%), channel-IV (73.83%) and channel-II (73.38%). In the study area of Bihar, channel-IV (Producer- Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumers) was observed to be the most preferred channel, as about 36.01% of fish was disposed of through this channel. The purchase price of fish in channel-I was observed to be Rs. 17250/q, in channel-II (Rs. 19267.60/q), channel-III (Rs.17650.00/q) and channel-IV (19274.26/q). The producers' share in the consumer's rupee was estimated to be the highest in the case of channel-I (86.96%) as the least intermediaries were involved in this channel. In the study area of Odisha and Bihar, the major problem faced during the production process was the high feed cost. In the marketing process in Odisha, delayed payment was ranked first, and in Bihar, the constraint that ranked first was the high transportation cost. Based on the findings, if implemented, some of the suggestions may augment fish farming in the study area of both states, like steps to encourage youths to take fish farming as an occupation, developing different schemes for fish feeds and provision of a regulated market for fish near villages etc. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.other | M/AE/023/2020-21 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810193792 | |
| dc.keywords | Economics, Production, marketing, Fresh water Cultured Fish, Odisha, Bihar. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 69+i-iii (Bibliography) | en_US |
| dc.publisher | DRPCAU, PUSA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agricultural Economics | en_US |
| dc.theme | Economics of Production and marketing of Fresh water Cultured Fish in Odisha and Bihar | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Sc | en_US |
| dc.title | ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF FRESH WATER CULTURED FISH IN ODISHA AND BIHAR | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |