ACARICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND THE FRACTIONS OF ARTEMISIA NILAGIRICA (CLARKE) PAMP. AND CLERODENDRUM PHILIPPINUM SCHAUER. AGAINST RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) ANNULATUS
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Date
2014
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD
Abstract
The present study is envisaged to find out the acaricidal potential of the
extract / fractions / subfractions of the plants Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp and
C. philippinum Schauer. Safety of the extract were assessed by oral (rats) and dermal
(rabbits) toxicity studies using relevant OECD guidelines. The efficacy of crude
ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica and C. philippinum against R. (B.) annulatus
females were assessed by estimating the per cent larval mortality by larval packet test
and per cent adult mortality, inhibition of fecundity and larval hatching rate by adult
immersion test. The ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica was positive for flavonoids,
terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, fixed oils
and fats. The ethanolic extracts of A. nilagirica produced concentration dependent
larvicidal activity, adult tick mortality, inhibition of fecundity and highly significant
inhibition of hatching. The hexane fraction of this extract retained the acaricidal
properties of the extract. The subfraction FA1c was acaricidal among the eight
subfractions separated from hexane fraction. Crude extract of C. philippinum
demonstrated concentration dependent adult tick mortality and also a significant
inhibition of hatching of eggs. The n-butanol fraction of this extract retained the
eclosion blocking properties. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of C. philippinum revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycosides,
phenolic compound, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, fixed oils and fats. The subfraction
FC3a obtained from the n-butanol fraction of C. philippinum showed significant
acaricidal activity. Acute oral, acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity studies did not
reveal any toxicity of these two plants. The present work imply that FA1c of hexane
fraction of A. nilagirica and FC3a of n-butanol fraction of C. philippinum possessed
significant acaricidal activity. The subfraction could be new drug leads for
development of promising acaricides.
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