MINERAL PROFILE OF LIVESTOCK FARM WASTE AND ITS BIO ACCUMULATION EFFECTS IN CROSS BRED CATTLE
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Date
2018-03-03
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College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Thrissur
Abstract
The present study was conducted for a period of one year and divided to summer,
monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The objective of the research was to estimate the
minerals in soil, slurry, feed, fodder, dung and vermicompost and also assessment of
bioaccumulation of minerals in crossbred cattle.
The fodder plots were selected and placed under three treatments. The first treatment
plots irrigated by pig slurry, second by cattle slurry and third by irrigation water alone. The
soil, slurry and irrigation water were collected at the three different seasons for mineral
estimation. The fodder yield from plots were measured. Three treatment groups of six male
calves each were randomly selected and maintained under similar management and
concentrate feeding for one year. The treatment groups of calves received fodder from
corresponding fodder plots. The feed, fodder, blood, dung were collected for mineral
estimation. Vermicompost produced from dung and fodder waste from the experimental
animals was collected. The carcass traits were studied during their slaughter at Meat
Technology Unit, Mannuthy and meat, liver, kidney, skin and bone samples were collected
for mineral estimation.
All the samples were processed and digested by microwave digestion for mineral
analysis. Nitrogen element was estimated by Macro Kjeldhal method. The minerals P, K, Na,
Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb were estimated using Inductively Coupled Plasma
Optical Emission Spectrometer. The concentration of N and Mg was highest for first
treatment in soil, slurry, fodder, dung, blood, liver, kidney and bone. The concentration of P,
K, Ca, Cu was highest for second treatment group in soil, slurry, fodder, dung, bone samples.
The concentration of Mn and Zn was highest for third treatment group in fodder, dung,
vermicompost, meat, kidney and bone samples.
The final body weight of experimental animals was highest for T1 and daily weight
gain was highest for T3 animals. The total fodder yield was highest for plots irrigated with
pig slurry. The bio-accumulation of heavy metals could not be detected in any animal tissue
under the present study. Further studies may be required in crossbred cattle with more years
of feeding trials to find out bio-accumulation of heavy metals.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Livestock Production Management