Morpho-physiological responses of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Calendula officinalis to hyperaccumulation of cadmium
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Date
2020
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled ―Morpho-Physiological responses of Chrysanthemum
coronarium and Calendula officinalis to hyperaccumulation of cadmium‖ was conducted in the
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping and Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana during the year 2019-20. The seedlings of Chrysanthemum coronarium and
Calendula officinalis were planted in pots filled with soil treated with different concentrations (0,
20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm) of cadmium (Cd ) ,applied as Cd(NO3)2. Growth parameters viz. plant
height, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, leaf dry weight, number of flowers, flower diameter,
of both the ornamentals were affected with increase in Cd concentration but at 20 ppm there was
no adverse effect on growth of Calendula. Cadmium retarded plant growth as dry weight of
Chrysanthemum roots declined by 20%, stem by 31% and leaves by 14% under 100 ppm Cd
application and the corresponding values for Calendula were 18, 28 and 14% respectively. With
increase in Cd concentration, there was reduction in moisture content, relative water content and
membrane integrity of leaves and petals of both plant species. Significant reduction in various
biochemical parameters viz., total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll and carotenoid
content was also recorded with increase in Cd concentrations. There was increase in Cd content in
roots, stem, leaves and flowers of both ornamentals, being higher in Calendula than
Chrysanthemum. DTPA-extractable Cd in soil was decreased from equilibrium to budding to
commercial harvest and decline being highest under 60 ppm, 45.75% in Calendula and 34% in
Chrysanthemum showing greater Cd uptake by roots of Calendula and high mobility index (MI)
from soil to root than Chrysanthemum whereas uptake was recorded to be more by stem of
Chrysanthemum than Calendula due to its higher biomass. Both Calendula and Chrysanthemum
showed Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and Translocation factor (TF) to be more than 1 whereas
Enrichment factor (EF) and Remediation factor(RF) were more than 1 in both species but higher in
Calendula than Chrysanthemum. Thus, besides commercial significance of Calendula and
Chrysanthemum both ornamentals can be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils.
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Citation
Singla, Himani (2020). Morpho-physiological responses of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Calendula officinalis to hyperaccumulation of cadmium (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.