NUTRITIVE EVALUATION OF UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDS USING IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
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Date
2016
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the sixteen locally available
unconventional feeds such as mulberry leaves (Morus sp), brewery waste,
rain tree pod (Samanea saman), rapeseed cake (Brassica napus), glyricidia
leaves (Glyricidia sepium), azolla (Azolla pinnata), bamboo leaves
(Bambusoideae), turmeric waste (Curcuma longa), spent cumin (Cuminum
cyminum), cooked barley residue (Hordeum vulgare), water hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes), soya sauce waste (Glycine max), dhanwantaram
thailum residue, pineapple tops (Ananas comosus), spent rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis) and spent grapes (Vitis vinifera) using in vitro gas
production technique. Feed samples were analysed for their proximate
composition. Based on the crude protein (CP) levels, these sixteen samples
were grouped into three. Group I (G1) - Unconventional feeds with more
than 20 per cent CP (Mulberry leaves, brewery waste, rain tree pod meal,
rapeseed cake, glyricidia leaves and azolla). Group II (G2) - Unconventional
feeds with more than 10 per cent CP (Bamboo leaves, turmeric waste, spent
cumin, cooked barley residue, and water hyacinth). Group III (G3) -
Unconventional feeds with less than 10 per cent CP (Dhanwantaram thailum
residue, pineapple tops, spent rosemary and spent grapes).
The samples were subjected to in vitro trials according to the
procedure described by Menke and Steingass (1988) to estimate various
rumen fermentation parameters such as total in vitro gas production (IVGP),
in vitro true dry matter/organic matter digestibility (TDMD, TOMD), rumen
ammonia nitrogen concentration, and individual VFAs and to calculated
parameters like partitioning factor (PF), microbial biomass production
(MBP), metabolisable energy (ME). The level of various nutrients ranged
from 16 to 83 per cent for moisture, crude protein (CP) ranged from 5.61 to
34.21 per cent, and other nutrients such as ether extract (EE), crude fibre
(CF), total ash (TA) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) ranged from 0.41 to
17.7, 6.28 to 31.33, 2.14 to 26.66 and 34.31 to 60.41 per cent respectively.
The average gas production (ml/200mg DM) ranged from 9.85 to 56.75.
Highest gas production was recorded in cooked barley residue and lowest in
azolla. The average true matter digestibility ranged from 49.18 to 87.05 and
true organic matter digestibility ranged from 49.10 to 86.94 per cent. The
cumulative gas production values (up to 24 h) and values of other chemical
constituents (CP, EE, and TA) were used to arrive at the metabolisable
energy content of the feedstuffs evaluated, followed by partitioning factor
and microbial biomass production. Individual volatile fatty acids (mmol/dL)
such as acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate were estimated using gas
chromatography. Acetate production ranged from 22.54 to 47.62, propionate
was lowest in soya sauce waste (7.91) and highest in cooked barley residue
(22.78). Butyrate ranged from 2.15 to 5.47 and acetate: propionate ranged
from 1.6 to 2.97. Ammonia nitrogen (mg/dL) was highest in rapeseed cake
(39.69) and lowest in mulberry leaves (24.10).
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