MICRO AND MACRO CLIMATE OF ANIMAL AND POULTRY HOUSES ON ORGANISED FARMS
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Date
2005
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
A study was carried out to find out the status of micro and macro climate of cattle and poultry houses on organized farms during (a) Summer: Hot dry (May and June 2003), (b) Monsoon season: Rainy-wet (August 2003), (c) Hot humid (September 2003) and (d) Mild Winter season: Cold dry (November 2003). For the purpose of study, following cattle and poultry farms of Anand Agricultural University, Anand; (i) Two sheds, cowshed and calf pen were selected from instructional Farm, Department of Livestock production and Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Anand (ii) cowshed at Livestock Research Station and (iii) cowshed at Holstein Friesian Bull Mother Farm and, (iv) at Central Poultry Research Station, three types of poultry houses namely (a) deep litter (b) cage house and (c) cage house with raised platform were selected. Meteorological observations were recorded at 7.30 am and 14.30 hours both inside and outside of cowshed, calf pen and poultry house by (a) Digital thermohygrometer (J411TH) for temperature & relative humidity (Plate XI), (b) digital anemometer (Lutron-AM4201) for wind velocity, (c) digital lux meter (Masteckms6610) for light intensity and (d) Yash High Volume Air Sampler (Yash Engineering, Vadodara) for dust concentration in the air of houses. The VIIVAS was placed in the center of animal and poiiHry houses and run for 3 hrs from 10.00 to 13.00 hrs. The average the dust concentration in the animal and poultry shed was calculated by difference of final weight and initial weight of filter paper on microbalance. The filter papers used were of Glass Microfibre Filters GF/A Cat No. 1820 866 Whatman International Ltd., England. The filter papers were packed in individual polypropylene bags. The sterilized bags were opened only at the site where it was directly placed in position in YHVAS machine with the help of sterilized forceps and run for three hours in animal and poultry sheds at 10:00 hours to 13:00 hours. The filter paper were removed and filled in the same polypropylene bags and weighed in the laboratory for difference between final and initial weights. These filter papers were used for total bacterial and fungal colony i. e. microbial colony count (c/w/plate). Mean inside cow shed temperature during hottest period of the day i.e at 2.30 pm during different seasons irrespective of farms was 38.92 ± 0.26, 28.76 ± 0.42, 33.27 ± 0.18 and 32.23 ± 0.34 °C whereas outside the cow shed was 42.49 ± 0.40, 29.76 ± 0.47, 37.28 ± 0.39 and 36.76 ± 0.68 °C during hot dry (S1), rainy-wet (S2), hot humid (S3) and mild winter (S4) season, respectively. The mean difference (outside minus inside the cowshed) was 3.57, 0.75, 4.01 and 4.55°C during S1, S2, S3 and S4 season, respectively. Highest and lowest temperatures were recorded during hot dry and rainy wet season, respectively. Less difference (outside minus inside the cowshed) was observed during rainy wet. It may be due to rain and high humidity during this season, however, more difference was recorded during hot dry, hot humid and mild winter seasons. Season conflict was significant, it is bound too be. During hot dry season the inside temperature was lower by 3.57 °C than the outside intense temperature 42.49 °C, however, inside temperature of 38.92°C was also higher and or uncomfortable to cows.
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Keywords
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, A STUDY